230 Col. R. Meinertzhagen on the [this, 



o£ P. )n. )nodularh, occideidaUs, and orieutali^, I was unable 

 to discriminate between the shade of colour said to dis- 

 tinguish the three races one from the otlu'r. llumanian 

 and other Ciontinental specimens aoi(>o perfectly with 

 British, whilst I could detect no possible difference between 

 P. m. modularis and J\ m. or'wnlaliK. 



Now in ]\ in. moduhtris the second primary is always said 

 to be longer than the seventh, in ocridenhdis it is never 

 lonoer than the seventh, and in orieii talis it about equals 

 the" seventh. I find these formuhc to be only the case 

 among the majority and do not hold good in a large series, 

 and l"can produce both r.riiish and Continental birds with 

 second primaries equal to the seventh. I therefore prefer to 

 unite both or'ientalis and occidental is with the typical Con- 

 tinental race, as I doubt if subspccitic value is of much use, 

 and may be misleading, where in a large series one cannot 

 distinguish the different races. 



Erithacus rubecula. 



A', r. ndn'cnla (L.)' 



A common winter visitor to southern Palestine, xvhilst 

 many are birds of passage. First arrival at Kafa was noted 

 on 3. xi., after which date they became generally distributed 

 until by the end of November they were abundant both in 

 the plains and on the Judrean highlands, where I was 

 delighted to see one on Christmas Day in the Temple area 

 in Jerusalem, and another in the snow at Hebron on 7. i. A 

 few were seen at the north end of the Dead Sea in November. 



On spring passage they were noted from C.iii. to 21.iii. 



The two examples brought home agree with Continental 

 specimens. 



Chelidon rustica. 



C. r. rustica (L.). 



Only noted on passage in spring and autumn. At Rata 



laroe flocks passed from .Kviii.to 14.viii.and again from 



1 Tx. to 7. ix., all travelling parallel with the coast 



and heading for Egypt, the last parties containing many 

 C r. trausitica. From 1.x. to 15.x. this race far out- 



