280 Capt. Lynes on the Ornithology [Ibis, 



10 spread easterly to the Middle-East over tlie "Mediter- 



ranean" sub-region. 



11 are found throughout the whole basin of the Mediter- 



ranean but not further east. 



5 are found only in the western part of the Mediterranean 

 basin. 



Conversely, South Spain has only 7 species not found in 

 Mauretania, viz. : Cyanoph'a cyanus, whose distribution is 

 anomalous ; the Long-tailed, Crested, and Marsh-Tits, whose 

 centre of distribution is boreal ; and the three mountain 

 species, Snowfinch, Alpine Accentor, and Ring Ousel. 



The other point of Europe nearest to (but ten times more 

 distant, though perhaps of less ancient land connection with) 

 Mauretania, viz.. South Italy-Sicily, is less rich by ten of 

 the above and lias only one or two additional species, the 

 Italian Sparrow and ? the Thick-billed Reed-Bunting (/i". 

 2)yrrliuloides) . 



B. 3G species not found la South Spain whose range 

 beyond Mauretania is as follows : — 



20 spread easterly beyond Aral)ia. 



y spread east and south-easterly into N.N.E. Africa. 



1 (Franfoliiius bicalearatus) spreads to Tropical West 

 Africa. 



1 (the Shore-Lark) is widespread in Europe iind Asia, 

 save in the south-west and south-centre of the 

 former Continent. 



5 are confined to Mauretania. 



Of the above (B), half are desert forms of Larks, Chats, 

 Warblers, Finches, etc. of genera in about equal proportion 

 Pala3arctic and Ethiopian, and are presumably the specialized 

 product of dominant forms in the borderland of the great 

 stretch of desert from the Atlantic to North-west India, so 

 that there remains only 18 species of as many genera, /. e., 

 15 per cent, of the whole Mauretanian list, not distributed in 

 simple extension within the Pala.'arctic Region. 



