536 Mr. T). A. Bannerman on the [Ibis, 



2. The Piiuir, frum 4000-0000 ft., characterized by Phms 



canariensis. 



3. Zone of shrubby foliose Leoiiminosffi, 6000-6500 i't., 



the Eseohoii {Cytisus prolifei-) , and the Codesco 

 (Adeiwcarpns viscosus), the chief fodder plants. 



C. Above the Clouds, 6500-12,180* ft. 



1. Tlic Cauadas, Zone of the Rcttima (Spai'tocT/tisus 



7iubigenus), reaching to ahmost 10^000 ft. 



2. The Alpine Zone, 10,000-12,180"^ ft., where an 



endemic viola, a moss, and a lichen occur. 



Tiie island of Palraa, famous for its immense crater — over 

 four miles in diameter and 5000-6000 feet deep — is the only 

 other f)f the western ishmds the vegetation of Avhich we 

 shall discuss, Deforestation has taken place to a much less 

 extent than in Tenerife, and Phms canariensis covers a large 

 area of country. Accounts of the veg(;tation of Palma are 

 scarce — the best and most recent pa[)er, by T. A. S])rague 

 and J. A. Hutchinson, appeared in the Kcw Bulletin, 1913, 

 ])art 8, pp. 287-299. These gentlemen visited the island in 

 May-June 1913. From their account we gather that cul- 

 tivation takes place mainly between 1000 and 2000 feet, tiie 

 principal crops being onions, grapes, maize, and wheal, while 

 mulberry and fig trees are numerous. The woods of the 

 lower slopes of the cloud-belt appear to consist mainly 

 of typical Laurel, Mijrica fayn, Erica arborea, and Tlex 

 canariensis, with undergrowth of Cistus and bracken reaching 

 their fullest development between 3000 and 4000 feet. 

 At 4700 feet the vegetation consists mainly of Pines, tree- 

 heaths, and bracken ; above this altitude the upper ridges are 

 clothed with pine woods practically destitute of vegetation. 

 The highest I'idge readies an altitude of 7690 ^(mi, cul- 

 minating in the Pico de Muehaclios above the Giau Caldera, 

 but the greater part of the central backbone of the island 

 lies between 4750 and 6500 feet. 



* Dr. Salter gives this ligxn-e as 12,912 ft., probabh' a mispriut for 

 1 L',192. I am informed at the liojal Geographical Society that the I'ealc 

 of Tenerife was ascertained to be 12,180 ft. according to the latest maps. 



