20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TProc. 4th Ser. 



From another point of view the age of the beds in question 

 might depend upon the age determination of the overlying 

 Malumbang formation. Concerning the age of this formation, 

 Smith 10 states the case as follows : 



"The most conclusive evidence as to the age of the Malum- 

 bang series is found in the Lower limestone, which, on the basis 

 of the fossil Lithothamnium ramosissimum Reuss (fossil local- 

 ity 25) may be assigned to the Miocene. The upper beds in 

 the series are apparently as young as the Upper Miocene or 

 the Pliocene. The formation is similar to the "etage marneux" 

 which Verbeek assigns to the middle stage of the upper Tertiary 

 for Java." 



Concerning the range of this species, Prof. H. Yabe 11 notes 

 the following: 



"This reef building organism is very often cited from the 

 limestone of the Oligocene and Miocene ages of the Indo- 

 Pacific region, its occurrence being known from Japan, the 

 Philippines, Borneo, Timor, Amboina, New Guinea and ad- 

 jacent islands, New Hebrides, Victoria, the Christmas Islands, 

 etc. 



"In Japan, it is found not only in Lepidocyclina and 

 Miogysina-limestones and similar and equivalent rocks of For- 

 mosa, Botel-tobako, the Riukiu-Islands and Ogasawara-jima, 

 but also in 1. the Lepidocyclina and Miogypsina-limestones of 

 the provinces of Sagami and Kai ; 2. the Lithothamnium-lime- 

 stones of Ogami-yama and Megami-yami near Sagara, prov- 

 ince of Totomi ; 3. the Lithothamnium-limestone inter- 

 calated in an oil-bearing Tertiary complex of Echigo; 4. the 

 Lithothamnium-limestone of Shiroiwa, Mukatsuka-mura, Otsu- 

 gori, pro. of Nagato." 



It is evident from these references that this form has con- 

 siderable range in the Miocene. 



From all the evidence Canguinsa and Upper Vigo beds may 

 be assigned to some stage of the Miocene, and the evidence of 

 Lepidocyclina indicates a still greater age, the Oligocene. 



10 Op. cit., 327. 



11 Yabe, H., Notes on a Carpenteria-Limestone from B. N. Borneo. Science Reports, 

 Tohoku Imperial University, 2nd Series (Geol.), Vol. V, No. 1, 1918, p. (28) 14. 



