and on the Drift of the Eastern Counties. 187 
The angle made with the horizon by the planes of stratification 
of the fourth stage presents everywhere south of Hollesley a 
remarkable uniformity, varying between 25° and 35°; and this 
Crag also possesses a direction of inclination in its planes most 
unvariable, being from N.N.E. to S.S.W.; its surface, where 
not covered by the fifth stage, is generally deeply eroded ; and 
its thickness in some places, as at Newbourn, is not less than 
20 feet. North of Hollesley, beach stages are exposed in several 
sections in Butley and Sudbourn parishes, but, from the absence 
of that uniformity of direction possessed by them in the more 
southerly exposures, they do not present the same means of 
identification. 
No one who has, as I have done, measured the angles made 
by the lamin with the horizon, in the sections presented by 
the beach Crags, could suppose these Crags to have been depo- 
sited under water ; the constancy of direction and the parallelism 
of their planes precludes any idea of false bedding, so called—a 
feature common enough in the horizontal or fifth-stage Crag 
and in some parts of the overlying sands. In some places, as 
at Trimley, these beach Crags contain no shells for a space, and 
then the shelly lamine recur; but both have their laminz in- 
clined alike in all respects. 
The subjoined actual copies of some of the more characteristic 
sections of beach Crags, at places selected for their great distance 
from each other, will afford an idea of their characters. 
Bluff in Bawdsey Cliff. 
Fourth stage. Crag overlain by lower Drift. 
N.B. The inclination of the lamine is here represented greater than it should be ; 
the inclination is about 35°. 
13% 
