contemporaneously with the Reindeer, in France. 327 
the exact outline, traced with a firm hand, of the hind-quarters 
of a large herbivorous animal. The slenderness of the tail, the 
small flexure of the knees, and especially the very forward posi- 
tion of the indication of the male sex, show that this is not a 
horse: we rather recognize in it a bovine form; and the sudden 
elevation of the dorsal line towards the withers would appear to 
lead us to the Aurochs. Unfortunately, the interruption of the 
design by the fracture of the specimen comes exactly at the 
point where the tufted mane, characteristic of the subgenus 
Bison, ought to commence. 
In a second and more widely dilated palm, we find another 
evidently bovine form, judging from the knees and the small 
hoofs placed behind the cloven hoof. In this, the thicker tail, 
the more horizontal direction of the line of the back, and the 
presence of a smooth pendant dewlap between the anterior legs 
indicate a tendency towards the true ox (Bos primagenius ?) ; but 
a fracture has caused the loss of the region of the head to which 
the horns were attached ; and the artist, in order to utilize the 
divisions of the palmature, has given the animal a distorted atti- 
tude, which injures the general effect of the design. 
A third palmature, in which the engraved design has been 
preserved nearly entire,-exhibits an animal of which the head is 
armed with two horns rising at first vertically and then bending 
back towards their point; behind these horns we see a less dis- 
tinct indication of the ears, and beneath the chin that of a tuft 
of hair or beard—peculiarities which would lead us to regard it 
as a female Ibex, if they were not contradicted by the peculiar 
form of the face and by a swelling behind the ears. In this 
figure, moreover, the designer, with no apparent necessity for 
so doing, has bent up the hinder limbs beneath the belly of the 
animal in such a manner that the distinctly cloven hoofs touch 
the abdomen. 
Among the sculptured pieces obtained from this same locality 
of. Laugerie-Basse, we shall mention a rounded staff made of the 
stem of a reindeer-horn, and terminated at one end in a lance- 
point with a recurrent lateral hook. Was this a tool, a weapon, 
or a sign of authority? We cannot tell. Immediately above the 
hook, we see sculptured in half-relief upon three of its faces a 
horse’s head, with the ears laid down, and rather long for the 
species, although not sufficiently so to lead one to attribute 
this figure to the ass. In front, and still upon the continuity 
of the staff, there is a second head, with a slender muzzle, and 
armed with branching horns. The basilar antlers are sculptured 
in front upon the horizontal prolongation of the staff, whilst the 
main stem and the palmature are thrown backwards: the slender 
form of the head, which shows no indication of a muffle, the 
