Prof. H. Karsten on the Vegetable Cell. 409 
and of fresh leaf of P. crassipes, from Mr. Baxter : abundance of 
raphis-cells, and of crystal prisms, especially in the pith. 
Xyridacee and Juncacee.—Bits of dried leaves of the three 
following, from Mr. Baxter :—Xyris laxifolia and X. subulata: 
no raphides. Philydrum lanuginosum (Xyridacez ?) : numerous 
acicular crystals lying singly along the leaf, the margin of which 
consists of prosenchyma, its transparent fusiform cells as long as 
in many sorts of woody pleurenchyma. Raphides were not seen 
in any of the few species examined of the British Juncacez. 
Palmacee.—Cocoa-nut (Cocos nucifera), Palm-nut (Elais gui- 
neensis), Betel-nut (Areca Catecu), and Date-fruit (Pheniz), 
from shops: no raphides. Of the following, portions of leaves 
merely, when not otherwise noted, from Mr. Ward’s fern-house, 
and from Mr. Moore, Mr. Sowerby, and Mr. Baxter :—Rhapis 
flabelliformis, R. Sierotzik, Elais guineensis, Latania borbonica, 
Phenix leonensis, P. dactylifera (root, stalk, and-leat), P. farini- 
fera, P. sylvestris, P. humilis, Elate sylvestris, Seaforthia elegans, 
Chamerops, two sp., C. humilis (bits of root and leaf), Corypha 
australis, Areca alba and A. rubra: raphides either not present 
or very scanty. A. crenata, Thrinax parviflora, Chamedorea, sp., 
and C. Scheediana: a few raphides. Areca sapida, Sabal um- 
braculifera, Ceroxylon Andicola, and Caryota urens: many bun- 
dles of raphides. 
Pandanacee.—Weaves, from Mr. Moore and Mr. Sowerby, of 
Pandanus utilis, P. spiralis, and Carludovica purpurata: a pro- 
fusion of raphides, the bundles of which are much shorter than 
their delicate translucent cells. Of this order, Prof. Balfour long 
since observed, “ their spermoderm has numerous raphides.” 
Edenbridge, April 7, 1864. 
[To be continued. } 
XL.—Histological Researches on the Formation, Development, and 
Structure of the Vegetable Cell. By Prof. H. Karsten, 
[Continued from p. 290.] 
§ III. On the Polarity of the Joint-cells of Cladophora 
glomerata. : 
In an investigation of cell-development, Cladophora glomerata 
cannot be passed over, as its course of development furnished 
the foundation for the first theory of cell-formation, Mohl having 
employed it in his important and suggestive researches upon this 
subject—researches which have been repeated by all succeeding 
vegetable anatomists, who, almost without exception, have con- 
firmed the results obtained by that highly esteemed observer. 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 3. Vol, xin, 27 
