62 Capt. H. J. Walton on the 



These were the early migrants, and had left the district 

 by the middle of October. The following birds passed 

 through Khamba Jong during the next six weeks, but were 

 not seen after the end of November : Cinclus kashmiriensis, 

 C. younghusbandi, and Ruticilla erythrog aster. All the 

 migratory birds appeared to proceed in a northerly direction 

 from Khamba Jong, and, as I have stated below, I believe 

 that the migration-route to and from Southern Tibet lies 

 along the valley of the Tsang Fo (Brahmapoutra) River. 



After leaving Khamba Jong, on my way to the Chumbi 

 Valley, I collected birds in Sikhim, and was struck by the 

 dissimilarity between the bh'ds of the two adjacent valleys 

 — many birds that were common in one not being seen, 

 even at the same elevations, in the other. 



In the Chumbi Valley, in January, the prevailing birds 

 were Nucifraga hemispila, Merula ruficollis, Trochalopterum 

 nigrimentum, Lopliophanes beavani, and Ruticilla schisticeps. 

 I saw Ibis-bills (Ibidorhynchus struthersi) at 12,500 feet; 

 here, also, Goosanders were fairly common and there were 

 a few Teal {Nettion crecca) . 



On the plain below Phari, at about 14,500 feet, there were 

 large flocks of Snow-Finches — Montifringilla mandellii, 

 M. ruficollis, and M. blanfordi. 



During the extremely cold months of February and March 

 I was able to collect regularly at Tuna (15,000 feet). Con- 

 sidering how unattractive such an exposed place must have 

 been, and how little in the way of food it had to offer, the 

 number of birds found there was remarkable. Lammergeyers 

 and Ravens were in immense numbers, attracted no doubt by 

 the offal and rubbish thrown out from our camp, but it is 

 difficult to imagine what the large flocks of Choughs found 

 to eat at a time when the ground was frozen to an almost 

 stony hardness ; yet they managed, somehow or other, to 

 keep in good condition. For the Eagles there were plenty 

 of hares (Lepus oiostolus), and the few resident Owls 

 probably caught mouse-hares (Lagomys) on the sunny 

 mornings when the latter emerged from their burrows. 

 But it was a puzzle to me to account for the presence of 



