Birds of the South Orkney Islands. 157 



The average weight of seven adult males taken on the 4th 

 of February, 1903, was 91 lbs., the smallest scaling 7 lbs. 

 and the largest 11 '75 lbs. Eight females averaged 8"65 lbs., 

 the smallest being 6'75 lbs. and the largest 10 lbs. On 

 February 9th, 1904, Dr. Pirie got specimens weighing as 

 much as 17 lbs. 



The albino is an adult female, and the plumage is entirely 

 pure white with a silky gloss. The bill is black and the feet 

 are orange. It was obtained on the south beach of Scotia 

 Bay on the 2nd of February, 1904. 



Pygoscelis adeli^s (Hombr. et Jacq.). (Plate VIII.) 



Pygoscelis adelics Cat. B. xxvi. p. 632. 



Thanks to the researches of the Expedition, the northern 

 range of this truly Antarctic species has been considerably 

 extended, and the South Orkneys and their neighbourhood 

 now mark the extreme limits of its ascertained distribution 

 at all seasons of the year. 



The Adelie or Black -throated Penguin is no doubt a 

 resident bird in the Archipelago, for it was observed there 

 all the year round, though only occasionally during the 

 winter months, which were probably spent on the open sea 

 in the vicinity of the islands. 



This bird was first noticed in lat. 60° 30' S. and long. 

 43° 40' W. on February 3rd, 1903, when the ' Scotia' was 

 nearing the South Orkneys. A number were then observed 

 swimming after the ship in company with P. antarctica, 

 while others were seen on the ice either lying down or 

 squatting. Those walking on the floes presented a comical 

 appearance, their gait resembling that of an " old salt " just 

 ashore after a long voyage. In jumping from the water on 

 to the ice they made remarkable leaps of several feet, but 

 were not always successful and fell back into the sea. The 

 species does not appear to have been observed at Saddle I., 

 but at Laurie I. it was the most abundant of all the Penguins, 

 and its numbers during the summer were estimated at not 

 less than five millions. 



Though a few were noticed throughout the winter of 



