at Monastir, Turkey in Europe. 287 



are divided by tangled hedges of hawthorn, sloe, elm, and 

 dog-rose densely overgrown with bryony and honeysuckle, 

 while countless streamlets come tumbling down through 

 deep waterworn gullies, some of which, steep and rocky, 

 gape like wounds in the red earth, while others form " dovvie 

 dens " of tender leafage for the Nightingale and the Warbler 

 tribe. 



The higher slopes south of Monastir are partially covered 

 with a dense scrub of oak and hazel, and at Bukovo, 

 St. Christopher, and other favoured spots the elms and 

 beeches attain considerable dimensions; but the north side 

 of the Okhrid road is repellently barren, and among the 

 lofty mountains encircling the plain we may look in vain 

 for forests of any extent or importance. The plain itself: 

 consists mainly of arable land and scanty pasturage, which 

 soon becomes a tawny Avaste under the summer sun except 

 in the immediate neighbourhood of the Kara Su, where 

 extensive swamps and reed-beds provide admirable cover for 

 marsh-birds and water-fowl. 



With regard to the following notes on the birds, I wish 

 to tender my grateful thanks to II err Oth mar Reiser, of the 

 Landesmuseum, Sarajevo, and to Mr. W. Eagle Clarke, of 

 the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, for their invaluable 

 advice and assistance in compiling them. 



1. Turdus viscivorus L. Mist le- Thrush. 



The Mistle-Thrush was first observed on November 3, 

 1903, from which date till February 2 I frequently came 

 across flocks of varying dimensions, not only in the kitchen- 

 gardens and elder-brakes, but on the grassy uplands of 

 Smolevo and Bukovo. They were sometimes associated 

 with Redwings and were difficult to approach. 



2. Turdus musicus L. Song-Thni.sh. 



The only dates on which I observed the Song-Tlnu.^h 

 were March 29, 1903, and March 24, 1904. 



3. Turdus iliacus L. Redwing. 



On January 24 and February 3, 1904, I saw several flocks 

 in the low meadows. 



