at Monastir, Turkey in Europe. 289 



April 30 of this year I found fledglings. In 1903 I saw the 

 first flock on May 3, and the young were abroad on July 11. 

 I saw none after October 5, but suspect that the local birds 

 had left about mid-September. In 1904? I observed one at 

 Smolevo on April 25, and four days later a large flock of 

 males. The Whinchat is never seen in the plain, but in- 

 creases in numbers as the higher valleys and pastures are 

 approached. 



12. Pratincola rubicola (L.). Stonechat. 



I have noted the Stonechat for every month in the year 

 except December and January; but there is a decided 

 migratory movement in March and October. The breediug- 

 places are generally 200-100 feet above the level of the 

 plain. 



13. Ruticilla PHffiNicuRUS (L.). Redstart. 



The Redstart seems to travel with the Blackcap, and is 

 equally abundant on migration, but I am doubtful whether 

 it ever remains to breed. On February 23, 1901, I was 

 astonished to see a male in full breeding - plumage at 

 Kapsokhori, near Salonika. 



14. Ruticilla mesoleuca (Hempr. &Ehr.). White-winged 

 Redstart. 



On April 11, 1901, I saw three or four examples of this 

 form under some large willows in the plain. They were very 

 tame, and afforded every opportunity for identification. 



15. Ruticilla titys (L.). Black Redstart. 



I seldom observed the Black Redstart. In 1903, on 

 October 16, I saw a bird of the year, and on the 25 th of the 

 same month an adult. In 1904 I observed a single specimen 

 — a male — on the 15th and 16th of March, and on April 2 

 a large number, principally males, were resting and feeding 

 on a sunny scree near the Resna road, where two days 

 later I found but a couple. 



16. Erithacus rubecula (L.). Redbreast. 



Common in wooded or bushy spots above the level of the 

 plain, to which it only descends in winter. There appears. 

 ser. viii. — VOL. vi. u 



