at Monastir, Turkey in Europe. 293 



to nest in the mountains. The specimens in my possession 

 have been declared by Herr Reiser to belong to the variety 

 C. brachydactyla. 



38. Troglodytes parvulus Koch. Wren. 



Common and resident, but more numerous in the plain 

 during the winter months. 



39. Motacilla alba L. White Wagtail. 



Not very abundant in the low ground except in winter, 

 when it assembles in small troops. It breeds in the mountain 

 valleys, and a certain number appear to pass southwards in 

 the third week of September. 



40. Motacilla melanope Pall. Grey Wagtail. 

 Appears to keep strictly to the high-lying ground during 



summer, descending in September to the plain, where, until 

 the first week in February, it may be observed everywhere 

 near running water, even in the centre of the town, where it 

 associates with the Dippers. On February 3, 1904, 1 surprised 

 eight Grey Wagtails which had apparently found sleeping- 

 quarters in a bunch of dry herbage under the overhanging 

 edge of a ditch. 



41. Motacilla flava L. Blue-headed Wagtail. 



I have never seen this bird in the plain except in August 

 and September, when it appears in small flocks ; but it seems 

 to breed in the cooler valleys, 



42. Motacilla melanocephala Licht. Black-headed 

 Wagtail. 



Very abundant in the neighbourhood of the marshes, 

 arriving early in May. A specimen which a friend picked 

 up exhausted on May 9, 1904, made a charming cage-bird. 



43. Anthus pratensis (L.). Meadow-Pipit. 



The Meadow-Pipit has come under my notice very seldom, 

 and never in summer. On April 24, 1903, I saw a Hock 

 in a ploughed field, and the birds were numerous on Sep- 

 tember 22 and 25 of the same year, a few being occasionally 

 seen till November 25. 



