at Monastir, Turkey in Europe. 299 



79. Garrulus glandarius (L.). Jay. 



Fairly common, especially in the oak-woods several 

 hundred feet above the plain, descending to within a short 

 distance of the town in winter, but always frequenting the 

 neighbourhood of oak trees. 



80. Pica rustica (Scop.). Magpie. 



A permanent and too common resident, often seen in 

 flocks of sixty or more. Enormous numbers roost in the 

 tall poplars bordering the lower reaches of the Dragor. 



81. Corvus monedula Linn. Jackdaw. 



A permanent and abundant resident in the town, breeding 

 in thousands under the roof-tiles. The Jackdaws assemble 

 regularly every afternoon to manoeuvre in the plain, when 

 the uproar is deafening and the sky is literally darkened by 

 their numbers. Partial albinism occasionally occurs. 



82. Corvus cornix L. Grey Crow. 



From November to March the Hoodie haunts the plain 

 and the outskirts of the town in great numbers, finding 

 abundance of food near the barracks and slaughter-houses 

 and sharing the Magpies' roosting-quarters in the poplars. 

 A very few remain to breed in the plain, the majority 

 apparently seeking the cooler mountain-gorges for that 

 purpose. They display great animosity towards all Birds-of- 

 Prey, and I have noticed them alight on the topmost branches 

 of a tree and break off twigs which they let fall in order to 

 annoy or drive out a Hawk that had sought refuge among 

 the lower branches. My attention was first drawn to this 

 habit on the occasion of an onslaught by several of these 

 birds on a Goshawk which I was training. 



83. Corvus corax L. Raven. 



Except during an excursion to Peristeri, when I saw a 

 pair of Ravens — on the 30th June, 1904, — I observed this 

 bird only seven times : always between the months of 

 September and April. 



84. Corvus frugilegus L. Rook. 



Common from October till March, when it disappears. 



