420 Mr. S. A. Ruturlin on Birds 



98. Acredula caulata major Radde. 



Radde's description and figure (Orn. Cauc. 1884, p. 112, 

 Russ. cd. pi. vi. fig. 1) are not very clear, though, of course, 

 referable to no oilier form. Mr. Lorenz's description, 

 which is much better, differs in two points from all the 

 specimens that I have received from Mr. Kobylin. Lorenz 

 says (Reitr. Kentn. Orn. P. Kauk. 1887, p. 60): "super- 

 ciliaries light greyish brown ; back grey, paler on the mantle." 

 My birds have light rufous-brown superciliaries and the back 

 becomes slaty blackish near the base of the neck. 



100. Certhia familiaris L. 



As in the case of the Cyanistes, Transcaucasian Creepers 

 (I have only one winter bird from the Akhalzikh District) 

 seem to be much nearer to the typical form than to the 

 East-European variety; my bird differs from the Ssitnbirsk 

 specimens of C. scandulaca Pall, in being duller and less 

 rufous above, and in having the whitish spots (especially on 

 the head) shorter and narrower. From C. harterti Ilellm. 

 and C. persica (Sarud. ct Loud. Orn. Mon. 1005, p. 106) it 

 further differs in having no rufous on the tail or underneath. 



116. Pyrrhula pyrrhula rossikoivi Derj. et Bianchi. 



Radde states (op. cit. 1884, p. 141) that out of twenty-nine 

 specimens of Transcaucasian Pyrrhula in his collection only 

 seven winter individuals belong to the south-western form 

 " P. minor Schleg." or are intermediate, twenty-two others 

 being of the larger variety. Radde judged exclusively from 

 dimensions, but the dimensions he gives for these presumed 

 " P. minor" (wing of $ <J 88, 89, 88, and 88 mm., of ? ? 

 88, 85, 90 mm.) fairly exceed the average dimensions of the 

 western form, so that not only 75 per cent, of his birds, but 

 all of them evidently belong to the north-eastern form (or at 

 least are nearer to it). 



Lorenz has determined (op. cii. 1887, p. 15) his eight 

 North-Caucasian winter skins (from Kislovodsk), with the aid 

 of M. Menzbier, as western " P. vulgaris Bechst./' from their 

 being smaller than " P. coccinea" of Moskwa and East 

 Siberia (dimensions not given) ; and from their having a 

 less-developed black cap and reddish tips to the lesser 



