collected in Transcaucasia. 423 



P. pyrrhula). The under parts of the female in P. rossikowi 

 are also somewhat darker and more greyish or earthy brown, 

 and in typical P. pyrrhula lighter and more sandy, or burned- 

 wood brown. AD these differences are clearly only sub- 

 specific. 



This bird nests in the forests of the Akhalzikh District from 

 4000 feet upwards. 



120. Passer mo nt anus transcaucasicus, n. subsp. 



All my Transcaucasian specimens differ from Middle-Russian 

 Passer montanus in having the belly conspicuously whiter. 

 They are also, as Dr. Rad.dc has already pointed out (op. cit. 

 p. 147), somewhat smaller, but the difference is trifling. My 

 specimens measure in millim. (all adult winter specimens): — 



Locality. Wing. Tail. Culiueu. 



Akhalzikh 665 50 103 ) 



„ 69*5 51 5 11 I P. in. transcaucasicus. 



71 52 !) I 



Ssimbirsk 09 53 93 i 



,, , . 71 ."32 10 .P. montanus iypicus. 



„ 71 52-5 11 I 



The belly of P. m. trancaucasicus is so much whiter that 

 every specimen can be easily determined by comparison. 

 I can see no other differences. 



121. Car due lis carduelis L. 



I have examined five specimens from Transcaucasia (Tifliz, 

 January; Kutais, February, March, May; Ssuram, June), 

 not sexed, five males and four females from Ssimbirsk, and 

 a score of specimens (in the Museum of C. Harald Loudon) 

 from N. Turkestan, the Transcaspian Region, Orenburg, 

 Pskow, Livonia, Rumania, Germany, England, and Tunis. 

 Transcaucasian birds must belong to the form C. e/eyans 

 brevirostris of Sarudny (Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 1889, 

 p. 133), who described the bird from Baku (western shore 

 of the Caspian Sea) as being smaller (wing 70-78 mm.) than 

 typical C. carduelis, with light brownish grey back, earthy 

 grey spot on the sides of the breast, strongly brownish- 

 stained cheeks, and a much reduced white nape-spot. 



All that this talented explorer says is quite correct, if we 



