34 PICTOGRAPHS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



visited that locality for the purpose of obtaining catlinite for making 

 pipes. These had been mentioned by early writers. 



Mr. Xonis also discovered painted characters upon the cliffs on the 

 Mississippi River, 1!) miles below New Albin, in northeastern Iowa. 



Mr. Gilbert Thompson reports his observation of pictographs at San 

 Antonio Springs, •'>() miles east of Fort Wingate, New Mexico. The 

 human form, in various styles, occurs, as well as numerous other char- 

 acters strikingly similar to those frequent in the country, farther wist, 

 occupied by the Moki Indians. The peculiarity of these figures is that 

 the outlines are incised or etched, the depressions thus formed being 

 filled with pigments of either red, blue, or white. The interior portions 

 of the figures are simply painted with one or more of the same colors. 



Charles D. Wright, esq., of Durango, Colorado, writes that he has 

 discovered "hieroglyphical writings" upon rocks and niton the wall of 

 a cliff house near the Colorado and New Mexico boundary line. On 

 the wall in one small building was found a series of characters in red 

 and black paints, consisting of a "chief on his horse, armed with spear 

 and lance, wearing a pointed hat and robe; behind this were about 

 twenty characters representing people on horses, lassoing horses, etc. : 

 in fact, the whole scene represented breaking camp aud leaving in a 

 hurry. The whole painting measured about 12 by 10 feet." Other rock- 

 paintings are also mentioned as occurring near the San Juan River, 

 consisting of four characters representing men as if in the act of taking 

 an obligation, hands extended, etc. At the right are some characters 

 in black paint, covering a space 3 by 4 feet. 



The rock paintings presented in Plates 1 and II are reduced copies of 

 a record found by Dr. W. J. Hoffman, of the Bureau of Ethnology, in 

 September, 1884, 12 miles west-northwest of the city of Santa Barbara, 

 California. They are one-sixteenth original size. The locality is almost 

 at the summit of the Santa Ynez range of mountains ; the gray sand- 

 stone rock on which they are painted is about 30 feet high and projects 

 from a ridge so as to form a very m arked promontory extending into a 

 narrow mountain canon. At the base of the western side of this bowl- 

 der is a rounded cavity, measuring, on the inside, about 15 feet in width 

 and 8 feet in height. The floor ascends rapidly toward the back of the 

 cave, and the entrance is rather smaller in dimensions than the above 

 measurements of the interior. About 40 yards west of this rock is a tine 

 spring of water. One of the four old Indian trails leading northward 

 across the mountains passes by this locality, and it is probable that this 

 was one of the camping-places of the tribe which came south to trade, 

 and that some of its members were the authors of the paintings. The 

 three trails beside the one just mentioned cross the mountains at various 

 points east of this, the most distant being about 15 miles. Other trails 

 were known, but these four were most direct to the immediate vicinity of 

 the Spanish settlement which sprang up shortly after the establishment 

 of the Santa Barbara Mission in 1 7SG. Pictographs (not now described ) 



