36 PICTOGKAPHS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



occasionally south of the mountains, but reported as extremely rare in 

 the immediate northern regions. (For x, see page 232.) 



Mr. Coronel stated that when lie first settled in Los Angeles, in 1843, 

 the Indians living north of the San Fernando mountains manufactured 

 blankets of the far and hair of animals, showing transverse bands of 

 black and white similar to those depicted, which were sold to the in- 

 habitants of the valley of Los Angeles and to Indians who transported 

 them to other tribes. 



1' is probable that the pictograph is intended to represent the salient 

 features of a trading expedition from the north. The ceiling of the 

 cavity found between the drawings represented in Plate I and Plate 11 

 has disappeared, owing to disintegration, thus leaving a blank about 4 

 feet long, and 6 feet from the top to the bottom of the original record 

 between the parts represented in the two plates. 



Dr. W. J. Hoffman also reports the following additional localities in 

 Santa Barbara and Los Angeles counties, fifteen miles west of Santa 

 Barbara, on the northern summit of the Santa Ynez range, and near 

 the San Marcos Pass, is a group of paintings in red and black. One 

 figure resembles a portion of a checker-board in the arrangement of 

 squares. Serpentine and zigzag lines occur, as also curved lines with 

 serrations on the concave sides: figures of the sun, groups of short ver- 

 tical lines, and tree forms, resembling representations of the dragon-fly, 

 and the human form, as drawn by the Moki Indians, and very similar 

 to Pig. c, PI. II. These paintings are in a cavity near the base of an 

 immense bowlder, over twenty feet in height. A short distance from 

 this is a flat granitic bowlder, containing twenty-one mortar holes, 

 which had evidently been used by visiting Indians during the acorn 

 season. Trees of this genus are very abundant, and their fruit formed 

 one of the sources of subsistence. 



Three miles west-northwest of this locality, in the valley near the 

 base of the mountain, are indistinct figures in faded red, painted upon 

 a large rock. The characters appear similar, in general, to those above 

 mentioned. 



Forty-three miles west of Santa Barbara, in the Najowe Valley, is a 

 promontory, at the base of which is a large shallow cavern, the opening 

 being smaller than the interior, upon the roof and back of which are 

 numerous figures of similar forms as those observed at San Marcos Pass. 

 Several' characters appear to have been drawn at a later date than 

 others, such as horned cattle, etc. The black color used was a manga- 

 nese compound, while the red pigments consist of ferruginous clays, 

 abundant at numerous localities in the mountain cafious. Some of the 

 human figures are drawn with the hands and arms in the attitude of 

 making the gestures for surprise or astonishment, and negation. 



One of the most extensive records, and probably also the most elab- 

 orately drawn, is situated in the Carisa Plain, near Senor Oiena's ranch, 

 sixty or seventy miles due north of Santa Barbara. The most conspicu- 



