INSTRUMENTS USED IN PICTOGRAPHY. 



These are often of anthropologic interest. A few examples are given 

 as follows, though other descriptions appear elsewhere in this paper. 



INSTRUMENTS FOR CARVING. 



This includes etching, peeking, and scratching. 



The Hidatsa, when carving upon stone or rocks, as well as upon pieces 

 of wood, use a sharply pointed piece of hard stone, usually a fragment 

 of quartz. 



The bow drill was an instrument largely used by the Innuit of Alaska 

 in carving bone and ivory. The present method of cutting figures and 

 oiher characters, to record events and personal exploits, consists in the 

 use of a small blade, thick, though sharply pointed, resembling a graver. 



INSTRUMENTS FOR DRAWING. 



When in haste, or when the necessary materials are not at hand, the 

 Hidatsa sometimes prepare notices by drawing upon a piece of wood or 

 t he shoulder blade of a buffalo with a piece of charcoal obtained from 

 the tire, or with a piece of red chalk, with which nearly every warrior is 

 at all times supplied. 



INSTRUMENTS FOR PAINTING. 



Painting upon robes or skins is accomplished by means of thin strips 

 of wood, or sometimes of bone. Tufts of antelope hair are also used. 

 by tying them to sticks to make a brush. This is evidently a modern 

 innovation. Pieces of wood, one end of each chewed so as to produce 

 a loose fibrous brush, are also used at times, as has been, observed 

 among the Titon Dakota. 



The Hidatsa, Arikara, and other Xorthwest Indians usually employ 

 a piece of buffalo rib, or a piece of hard wood, having somewhat of an 

 elliptical or lozenge-shaped form. This is dipped in thin glue and a 

 tracing is made, which is subsequently treated in a similar manner with 

 a solution of glue, water, and color. 

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