52 PICTOGRAPHS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



from pictographs in Santa Barbara County, California, proved to 1"- a 

 hydrous oxide of manganese. 



For black color in tattooing the Tuki, of California, use soot. The 

 juice of certain plants is also used by the Karok, of California, to color 

 the face. 



The Yoknts, of Tule River Agencj , < 'alifornia, employ the roots of the 

 cedar (red) and willow (white) split and rendered uniform in caliber. 

 Daring work the materials are kept moistened, so as to permit of easy 

 manipulation and to prevent fracture of the vegetal fibers. 



Rev 1. Owen Dorsey, of the Bureau of Ethnology, reports regarding 

 theOsages that one mode of obtaining black color for the face consists in 

 burning a quantity of small willows. When these are charred they are 

 broken in small pieces and placed in pans, with a little water in each. 

 The hands are then dipped into the pan and rubbed together, and finally 

 rubbed over the parts to be colored. 



Formerly tattooing was more frequently practiced among the Hidatsa 

 than at present, the marks being caused by pricking the skin with a 

 sharp splinter of bone and the application of a paste consisting of 

 finely-powdered charcoal and water. 



The Hualpais, living on the western border of the Colorado Plateau. 

 Arizona Territory, were found by Dr. Hoffman, in 1871, to decorate their 

 persons by a disgusting process. Various individuals were observed who 

 appeared as if their persons had been tattooed in vertical bands from the 

 forehead to the waist, but upon closer examination it was found that 

 dark and light bands of the natural skin are produced in the follow- 

 ing manner: When a deer or an antelope has been killed, the blood is 

 rubbed over the face and breast, after which the spread and curved 

 fingers — to resemble claws — are scratched downward from the forehead 

 over the face and over the breast, thus removing some of the blood ; 

 that remaining soon dries, and gives the appearance of black stripes. 

 The exposed portion of the skin retains the natural dark-tanned color, 

 while that under the coating of coagulated blood naturally becomes 

 paler by being protected against the light and air. These individuals 

 do not wash off such marks of success in the chase, and after a while 

 the blood begins to drop off by desquamation, leaving lighter spots and 

 lines, which for a short period of a week or two appear like tattoo 

 marks. 



The Mojave pigments are ocher, clay, and probably charcoal, mingled 

 with oil. See Pac. R. R, Exped., Vol. Ill, Pt. Ill, p. 33. 



The colors, at present used by the Indians and obtained from the 

 traders, consist generally of the following compounds, viz.: vermilion, 

 red lead, chromate of lead (yellow), Prussian blue, chrome green, ivory 

 black and lamp black, Chinese white, and oxide of zinc. All of these 

 are in the form of powder or in crude masses, and are subsequently 

 prepared for use as required. 



