MALiEKV.) PICTOGRAPHS ON SKINS, EARTH, SAND. 61 



1871, the encampment for one night was at Pai-TJta Charlie's rancheria, 

 where it was visited by many of the Pai-Uta Indians of that vicinity. On 

 leaving; camp the following morning representations of many mounted 

 men, the odometer cart and pact animals were found depicted upon the 

 hard, flat surface of the sand. The Indians had drawn the outlines in 

 life size with sticks of wood, and the work was very artistically done. A 

 mounted expedition was a new thing in that part of the country and 

 amused them not a little. 



The well known animal mounds, sometimes called effigy mounds, of 

 Wisconsin come in this category. 



THE HUMAN PERSON 



Pictographs upon the human person may be divided into, 1st, paint 

 on the face ; 2d, paint ou the body ; and, 3d, tattooing, which is also 

 divided into tattoo marks upon the head and tattoo marks upon the 

 bodv. 



PAINT. 



Dr. Hoffman, who visited the Hualpai Indians of northern Arizona 

 in 1871, gives an account (see ante, p. 52) of their habit of besmearing 

 their bodies and faces with the blood of game killed. 



A colored plate, facing page 33 of the report of the Pacific Eailroad 

 Expedition, 1856, pt. Ill, shows the designs adopted by the Mojave In- 

 dians for painting the body. These designs consist of transverse Hues 

 extending around the body, arms, and legs, or horizontal lines, or dif- 

 ferent parts may partake of different designs. Clay is now generally 

 used, as was observed by Dr. Hoffman, who visited Camp Mojave in 1871. 



For other notices of paint on head and body and the significance of 

 color see ante, page 53 et seq. 



Everard F. im Thuru, in his work before cited, page 196, describes 

 the painting of the Indians of Guiana as follows : 



The paint is applied either iu large masses or in patterns. For example, a man, 

 when he wants to dress well, perhaps entirely coats both his feet nptothe ankles with 

 a crust of red ; his whole trunk he sometimes stains uniformly with blue-black, more 

 rarely with red, or covers it with an intricate pattern of lines of either colour; he puts 

 a streak of red along the bridge of his nose ; where his eyebrows were till he pulled 

 them out he puts two red lines ; at the top of the arch of his forehead he puts a big 

 lump of red paint, and probably lie scatters other spots and lines somewhere on his 

 face. The women, especially among the Ackawoi, who use more body-paint than 

 other ornament, are more fond of blue-black than of red; and one very favorite orna- 

 ment with them is a broad band of this, which edges the mouth, and passes from the 

 corners of that to the ears. Some women especially affect certain little figures, like 

 Chinese characters, which look as if some meaning were attached to them, but which 

 the Indians are either unable or unwilling to explain. 



The Serranos, near Los Angeles, California, formerly cut lines upon 

 the trees and posts, marking boundaries of laud, these lines correspond- 

 ing to those adopted by the owner as facial decoratious. See page 182. 



