64 PICTOGKAI'IIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



from the center and corners of the lower lip to the chin. Sec Bancroft, 

 Native Knees, I, |i. 332. 

 Stephen Powers says (Contrib. N". A. Ethnol., [II, p. 20) thai the 



Karol. California, squaws tattoo in blue three narrow fern leaves per- 

 pendicularly on the chin, one falling from each coiner of the mouth and 

 one in the middle. For this purpose, thej are said to employ soot gath- 

 ered from a stone, mingled with the juice of a certain plant. 



The same author reports, page 76 : " Nearly every (Ilupa. California) 

 man has ten lines tattooed across the inside of the left arm, about half 

 way between the wrist andtheelbow; and in measuring shell-money, he 

 takes the String in his right hand, draws one end over his left thumb- 

 nail, and if the, other end readies to the uppermost of the tattoo lines, 

 the live shells are worth $25 in gold or $5 a shell. Of course it is only 

 one in ten thousand that is long enough to reach this high value." 



The same author, on page 96, says: The squaws (Pat'awat, Oal.) tattoo 

 in blue three narrow pinnate leaves perpendicularly on their eliius, 

 and also lines of small dots on the backs of their hands. 



He reports, page 148, of the Kas'tel Porno: The women of this and 

 other tribes of the Coast Range frequently tattoo a rude representation 

 of a tree or other object, covering nearly the whole abdomen and 

 breast. 



Of the Wintuns of California the same author says (page 233) that 

 the squaws all tattoo three narrow lines, one falling from each corner 

 of the mouth, and one between. 



See also page 167 infra. 



Rev. M. Eells says (Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, III, p. 75) 

 of the Twana Indians: A little of this tattooing is done, but much less 

 than formerly, and chiefly now among the children. 



Blue marks tattooed upon a Mqjave woman's chin denotes that she 

 is married. See Pacific It. It. Exped., Ill, 1856, p. 33. 



The only remarkable instance of tattooing now among the Hidatsa is 

 that of Lean- Wolf, the present second chief of the tribe. The ornamen- 

 tation consists of horizontal stripes, from one-third to one-half an inch 

 broad, running from the middle of the breast around the right side of 

 the body to the spinal column. The right arm and the right leg' are en- 

 circled by similar bands, between which there are spaces of equal width. 

 Lean- Wolf professed not to be able to give the origin and historj of 

 this ornamentation, although he represents himself with it upon picto- 

 graphs relating to personal events of warfare and the chase. 



Bancroft i Native Races, Vol. I, p. 48) says of the Eskimo, that the fe- 

 males tattoo lines on their chins; the plebeian female of certain bands 

 has one vertical line in the center and one parallel to it on either side. 

 The higher classes mark two vertical lines from each corner of the 

 mouth. On page TL' he says that young Kadiak wives tattoo the 

 breast and adorn the face with black lines. The Kuskoquim women 

 sew into their chin two parallel bine lines. This color is applied by 



