74 PICTOGRAPHS OF THK NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



low lines, as if made with a sharp-pointed steel instrument, into which 

 some blackish pigment has been rubbed, filling up some of the markings. 



while in others scarcely a trace remains. 



FIG. 34.— Tattoo designs oil bone, New Zealand. 



In connection with the use of the tattoo marks as reproduced on ar- 

 tificial objects see also, Figure 37, page 76, and Figure 110, page 200. 



The following is extracted from Te Ika a Maui, or New Zealand and 

 its inhabitants, by Rev. Richard Taylor, London, 1S70, p. 320, etc 



Before they went to fight, the youth were accustomed to mark their countenance 

 with charcoal in different lines, and their traditions state, that this was the beginning 

 of the tattoo, for their wars became so continuous, that to save the trouble of thus 

 constantly painting the face, they made the lines permanent by the moko ; it is how- 

 ever a question whether it did not arise from a different cause; formerly the grand 

 mass of men who went to fight were the black slaves, and when they fought side by 

 side with their lighter colored masters, the latter on those occasions used charcoal to 

 make it appear they were all one. 



Whilst the males had every part of the face tattooed, and the thighs as well, the 

 females had chiefly the chin and the lips, although Occasionally they also had their 

 thighs and breasts, with a few smaller marks on different parts of the body as well. 

 There were regular rules for tattooing, and the artist always went systematically to 

 work, beginning at one spot and gradually proceeding to another, each particular 

 part having its distinguishing name. Thus, 



1. Te kawe, which are four lines on each side of the chin. 



2. Te pukawae, six lines ou the chin. 



3. Nga rerc liiipe, the lines below the. nostrils, six in number. 



4. Nga koMri, a curved line on the cheek-bone. 



5. Xfla koroaha, liues between the cheek-boue and ear. 



6. Nga wakarakau, lines below the former. 



7. Nga pongiangia, the lines on each side of the lower extremity of the nose. 

 v . Nga pat: tarewa, the lines on the cheek-bone. 



9. Nga rerepi, and Nga ngatarewa, lines on the bridge of the nose. 



10. Nga tiwana, four lines on the forehead. 



11. Nga rewha, three lines below the eyebrows. 



12. Nga titi, lines on the center of the forehead. 



13. Ipii rangi, lilies above the former. 



14. Te tonokai, the general uames for the lines on the forehead. 



15. He ngutu pu rua, both lips tattooed. 

 lb'. Te rape, the higher part of the thighs. 



17. Te pahipahi, the tattooing on the seat. 



18. Tepaki turi, the lower thigh. 



19. Nga tata, the adjoining part. 



The following are female tattoos : — 



1. Taki taki, lines from the breast to the navel. 



2. Hope hope, the lines on the thighs. 



3. Waka te he, the lines on the chin. 



