78 PICTOGRAPHS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



Among the fellahs, as well as among' the laboring people of the cities, 

 the women tattoo their chin, their forehead, the middle of the breast, a 

 portion of their hands and arms, as well as feet, with indelible marks 

 of bine and green. In Upper Egypt most females puncture their lips 

 to give them a dark bluish hue. See Feathermau, Social Hist, of the 

 Races of Mankind, V, 1881, p. 545. 



Professor Brauns, of Halle, reports (Science, III, No. 50, p. 69) that 

 among the Ainos of Yazo the women tattoo their chins to imitate the 

 beards of the men. 



The antiquity of tattooing in the eastern hemisphere is well estab- 

 lished. With reference to the Hebrews, and the tribes surrounding 

 them, the following Biblical texts may be in point : 



"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print 

 any marks upon you." Lev., XIX, 28. 



* * * " Though thou rentest thy face with painting, in vain shalt 

 thou make thyself fair." Jer., IV. 30. 



ARTIFICIAL OBJECTS. 



The objects of this character, on which pictographs are found, may 

 be mentioned as follows : 



1. Lances. 6. Habitations. 



2. Arrows. 7. Utensils. 



3. Shields. 8. Pottery. 



1. Canoes. 9. Sinews or thread. 



5. Paddles. 10. Artiticial beads. 



It is believed that examples showing the use of each of these objects 

 are presented in various parts of the present paper, but the following- 

 do not appear under other headings : 



Many of the California tribes are expert workers in grass and roots 

 in the manufacture of baskets, upon which designs are frequently 

 worked, other than mere ornamentation, in geometric forms. The Yo- 

 kuts, at Tule River Agency, in the southeastern part of the State, fre- 

 quently incorporate various forms of the human body, in which the 

 arms are suspended at the sides of the body with the hands directed 

 outward to either side. Above the head is a heavy horizontal line. In 

 the manufacture of these vessels grass is taken, carefully cleaned, and 

 soaked, so as to become smooth and uniform in size. 



Among the Thliukit, boats as well as paddles are ornamented with 

 painted figures, and the family coal of arms. See Bancroft's Native 

 Races, etc., I, 106. 



There is no need to give evidence concerning the designs upon pot- 

 tery, after the numerous illustrations in the Second Annual Report of 

 this Bureau, from Zuni, etc. 



