88 PICTOGRAPHY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



trail or road, by the Florida Indians, to siguify a declaration of war. 

 See Captain Laudouniere in Hakluyt, III, 415. 



Challenging by heralds obtained. Thus the Shuineias challenged the 

 Ponios [in central California] by placing three little sticks, notched in 

 the middle and at both ends, on a mound which marked the boundary 

 between the two tribes. If the Ponios accept, they tie a string round 

 the middle notch. Heralds then meet and arrange time and place, and 

 the battle comes off as appointed. See Bancroft, Native Eaces, I, p. 379. 



A few notices of the foreign use of material objects in connection 

 with this branch of the subject may be given. 



ItappearsintheBible: Ezek., XXXVII, 16-20, and Numbers, XVII, 2. 



Lieutenant-Colonel Woodthorp says (Jour. Anth. Inst. Gr. Brit., 

 Vol. XLI, 1882, p. 211) : " On the road to Xiao we saw on the ground 

 a curious mud figure of a man in slight relief presenting a gong in the 

 direction of Senna ; this was supposed to show that the Fiao men were 

 willing to come to terms with Senna, then at war with Niao. Another 

 mode of evincing a desire to turn away the wrath of an approaching 

 enemy, and induce him to open negotiations, is to tie up in his path a 

 couple of goats, sometimes also a gong, with the universal symbol of 

 peace, a palm leaf planted in the ground hard by." 



The Maori bad neither the quipus nor wampum, but only a board 

 shaped like a saw, which was called he rdkau wakapa-paranga, or gen- 

 ealogical board; it was in fact a tally, having a notch for each name, 

 and a blank space to denote where the male line failed and was suc- 

 ceeded by that of the female ; youths were taught their genealogies by 

 repeating the names of each to which the notches referred. See Te Ika 

 a Maui.— Rev. Richard Taylor, Loudon, 1870, p. 379. 



TIME. 



Dr. William H. Corbusier, assistant surgeon, U. S. Army, gives the 

 following information : 



The Dakotas make use of the circle as the symbol of a cycle of time ; 

 a small one for a year and a large one for a longer period of time, as a 

 life-time, one old man. Also a round of lodges, or a cycle of 70 years, as 



Fig. 39. — Device denoting succession of time. Dakota. 



in Battiste Good's Winter Count. The continuance of time is sometimes 

 indicated by a line extending in a direction from right to left across the 

 page, when on paper, and the annual circles are suspended from the 

 line at regular intervals by short lines, as in Figure 39, and the ideo- 





