malleky.] DAKOTA WINTER COUNTS, 1812-1818. 109 



sents a tomahawk or battle-ax, the red being blood from the cleft skull. 



The Arapahos long dwelt near the head-waters of the Arkansas and 

 Platte Rivers, and in 1822 numbered by report 10,000. 



No. III. A Wetapahata (a stranger Indian, whose nationality was not 

 identified by the interpreter) Indian killed by a Brule Dakota, while 

 on a visit to the Dakota. 



Mato Sapa says: a Wetopahata Indian was killed by a Brule Sioux 

 while on a visit to the Dakotas. 



-"Major Bush says the same, but spells the word Watahpahata. 



Riggs gives Wl-ta-pa-ha, the Kiowas, and Ma-qpi-ya-to, the Arapa- 

 hos, in the Dakota Dictionary. 



1815-16. — No. I. Large dirt lodge made by Sans Arcs. The figure 

 at the top of the lodge is a bow. 



No. II. The Sans Arcs made the first attempt at a dirt lodge. This 

 was at Peoria Bottom, Dakota Territory. Crow-Feather was their chief, 

 which fact, in the absence of the other charts, seemed to explain the 

 fairly-drawn feather of that bird protruding from the lodge top, but 

 the figure must now be admitted to be a badly drawn bow, in allusion 

 to the tribe Sans Arc, without, however, any sign of negation. As 

 the interpreter explained the figure to be a crow feather, and as Crow- 

 Feather actually was the chief, Lone-Dog's chart with its interpretation 

 may be independently correct. 



No. III. Sans Arc Dakotas built dirt lodges at Peoria Bottom. A 

 dirt lodge is considered a permanent habitation. Tbe mark on top of 

 the lodge is evidently a strung bow, not a feather. 



Battiste Good says : "The-Sans-Arcs-made-large-house winter." 



White-Cow-Killer calls it: " Made a-house winter." 



Major Bush's copy also shows a clearly drawn figure of a bow, strung. 



1816-'17.— No. I. Buffalo very plenty. 



No. II. " Buffalo belly was plenty." The device rudely portrays a 

 side or perhaps hide of buffalo. 



No. III. Dakotas had unusual quantities of buffalo. 



1817-18.— No. I. Trading store built at Fort Pierre. 



No. II. La Framboise, a Canadian, built a trading store with dry 

 timber. The dryness is shown by the dead tree. La Framboise was 

 an old trader among the Dakotas. He once established himself in the 

 Minnesota Valley. His name is mentiored by various travelers. 



No. III. Trading post built on the Missouri River 10 miles above Fort 

 Thompson. 



Battiste Good says : " Choze-built-a-bouse-of-dead-logs winter." 



Mato Sapa says: A trading house was built on the Missouri River 10 



miles above Fort Thompson. 



Major Bush says the same as last, but that it was built by Louis La 

 Conte. 



1818-'19. — No. I. Many Indians died of cholera [sic]. 



