M.u.i.Euv.l DAKOTA WINTER COUNTS, 1819-1823. Ill 



No. III. A Minneconjou Dakota, named Two-Arrows, built himself a 

 dirt medicine-lodge. This the interpreter calls, rather inaccurately, a 

 headquarters for dispensing medicines, charms, and nostrums to the 

 different bands of Dakotas. The black and red lines above the roof are 

 not united and do not touch the roof. 



White-Cow-Killer calls it: " Two- Arrows-made a-war-bonnet winter." 



Battiste Good says: They made bands of strips of blankets in the 

 winter. 



Major Bush says: A Minneconjou, named Two- Arrow, made mediciue 

 in a dirt-lodge. 



It will be observed that the interpreters vary in the details. 



1821-'22. — No. I. Large ball of fire with hissing noise (aerolite). 



No. II. The character represents the falling to earth of a very brilliant 

 meteor, and though no such appearance is on record, there were in 1S21 

 few educated observers near the Upper Mississippi and Missouri who 

 would take the trouble to notify scientific societies of the phenomenon. 



No. III. Dakota Indians saw an immense meteor passing from south- 

 east to northwest which exploded with great noise (in Dakota Territory). 



Red-Cloud said he was born in that year. 



Battiste Good says : " Star-passed-by-with loud-noise winter." His 

 device is shown in Figure 42, showing the meteor, its 

 pathway, and the clouds from which it came. 



White-Cow-Killer calls it "One star-madea-great- 

 noise winter." See also Cloud-Shield's count, page 130. 



1822-'23.— No. I. Trading store built at Little Mis- 

 souri, near Fort Pierre. 



No. II. — Another trading house was built, wbich was 

 by a white man called Big-Leggings, and was at the 

 mouth of the Little Missouri or Bad River. The draw- 

 ing is distinguishable from that for 1819-'20. 



No. III. Trading post built at the mouth of Little F ig. 42— Meteor. 

 Missouri River. 



1823-'24.— No. I. Whites and Dakotas fight Rees. 



No. II. White soldiers made their first appearance in the region. So 

 said the interpreter, Clement, but from the unanimous interpretation of 

 others the event portrayed is the attack of the United States forces, 

 accompanied by Dakotas, upou the Arikara villages, the historic ac- 

 count of which is as follows, abstracted from the annual report of J. C. 

 Calhoun, Secretary of War, November 29, 1823 : 



General William H. Ashley, lieutenant-governor of the State of Mis- 

 souri, a licensed trader, was treacherously attacked by the Arickara 

 Indians at their village on the west bank of the Missouri River, about 

 midway between the present Fort Sully and Fort Rice, on June 2, 1823. 

 Twenty -three of the trading party were killed and wounded, and the 

 remainder retreated in boats a considerable distance down the river, 



