malleky.1 DAKOTA WINTER COUNTS, 1856-1861. 123 



head of an albino bison. One-Horn, doubtless the same individual, is 

 recorded as the head chief of the Minneconjous at this date. 



No. III. A Minneconjou chief, named Lone-Horn, made medicine with 

 white buffalo-cow skin. 



Lone-Horn, chief of Minneconjous, died in 1874, in his camp on the 

 Big Cheyenne. 



1859-'G0.— No. I. Big-Crow killed. 



No. II. Big-Crow, a Dakota chief, was killed by the Crows. The 

 crow, transfixed by an arrow, is drawn so as to give quite the appear- 

 ance of an heraldic crest. 



No. III. A Minneconjou Dakota, named Big Crow, was killed by the 

 Crow Indians. He had received his name from killing a Crow Indian 

 of unusual size. 



Mato Sapa says: Big-Crow, a Minneconjou, was killed by Crows. 



Major Bush says same as Mato Sapa. 



1SG0-'61. — No. I. The Elk-wkoshows himselfwhen-he-walks makes 

 medicine. 



No. II. Device, the head and neck of an elk, like that part of the ani- 

 mal in 1837-'38, with a line extending from its mouth, at the extremity of 

 of which is the albino buffalo head. " The elk made you understand his 

 voice while he was walking." The interpreter persisted in this oracular 

 rendering, probably not being able to fully catch the Indian explanation 

 from want of thorough knowledge of the language. The ignorance of 

 professed interpreters, who easily get beyond their philological depth, 

 but are ashamed to acknowledge it, has occasioned many official blun- 

 ders. This device and its interpretation were unintelligible to the writer 

 until examination of General Harney's report above referred to showed 

 the name of a prominent chief of the Minneconjous, set forth as "The- 

 Elk-that-Hollows-Walking." It then became probable that the device 

 simply meant that the aforesaid chief made buffalo medicine, which con- 

 jecture, published in 1877, the other records subsequently discovered 

 verified. 



No. III. A Minneconjou Dakota, named Bed-Fish's-Son, made med- 

 icine with white buffalo-cow skin. 



Mato Sapa's record agrees with No. III. 



Major Bush says the same, adding, after the words "Bed-Fish's-Son," 

 " The- Ass." 



Interpreter A. Lavary said, in 1867, that The-Elk-that-Hollows-Walk- 

 ing, then chief of the Minneconjous, was then at Spotted-Tail's camp. 

 His father was Red-Fish. He was the elder brother of Lone-Horn. 

 His name is given as A-hag-a hoo-man-ie, translated The Elk's- Voice- 

 Walking, compounded of He-ha-ka, elk, and Omani, walk — this accord- 

 ing to Lavary's literation. The correct literatiou of the Dakota word 

 meaning elk is heqaka; voice ho; and to walk, walking, mani. Their 

 compound would be Heqaka ho mani, the translation being the same as 

 above given. 



18Cl-'62.— No. I. Buffalo very plenty. 



