MAM.EKV.] SUFFERING WARNING AND GUIDANCE. 155 



The whole signifies that there is nothing to eat in the house. This is 

 used by natives of Southern Alaska. 



'JUL 



±jLMl 



1 2 3 4 



Fig. 59.— Starving hunters. Alaska. 



Figure 59, with the same signification, and from the same hand, is 

 similar to the preceding in general design. This is placed in the ground 

 near the landing place of the canoemen, so that the top points toward 

 the lodge. 



The following is the explanation of the characters : 



1. Baidarka, showing double projections at bow, as well as the two 

 individuals, owners, in the boat. 



2. A man making the gesture for nothing. (See in this connection 

 Figure 155, page 235.) 



3. Gesture drawn, denoting to eat, with the right hand, while the left 

 points to the lodge. 



4. A winter habitation. 



This is used bv the Alaskan coast natives. 



WARNING AND GUIDANCE. 



An amusing instance of the notice or warning of " No thoroughfare " 

 is given on page 383 of the present writer's paper, Sign Language among 

 North American Indians, in the First Annual Report of the Bureau of, 

 Ethnology. It was taken from a rock-etching in Canon de Chelly, 

 New Mexico. A graphic warning against trespass appears in School- 

 craft, Vol. I, Plate 48, Figure B, op. page 338. 



During his connection with the geographic surveys west of the one 

 hundredth meridian under the direction of Oapt. G. M. Wheeler, U. S. 

 Army, Dr. Hoffman observed a practice which prevailed among the 

 Tivatikai Shoshoui, of Nevada, in which heaps of stones were erected 

 along or near trails to indicate the direction to be taken and followed 

 to reach springs of water. 



Upon slight elevations of ground, or at points where a trail branched 

 into two or more directions, or at the intersection of two trails, a heap 

 of stones would be placed, varying from 1 to 2 or more feet in height, 

 according to the necessity of the case, to attract attention. Upon the 

 top of this would be fixed an elongated piece of rock so placed that 

 the most conspicuous point projected and pointed in the course to be 



