mallehy.] TRAILS CHARTS. 157 



oxide). A selection of these is shown in B on the plate. This is on the 

 western face of the rock, almost vertical. This also appears to refer 

 to the course of the trail, which might" readily be lost on account of 

 the numerous mountain ridges ami spurs. The left-hand figure appears 

 to place the left hand upon a series of ridges, as if showing pantomim- 

 ically the rough and ridged country over the mountains. 



The middle figure represents gesture, which in its present connection 

 may indicate direction of the trail, i. c, toward the left, or northward 

 in an up-hill course, as indicated by the arm and leg, and southward, 

 or downward, as suggested by the lower inclination of the leg, and 

 lower forearm and hand on the right of the illustration. 



The right-hand figure, although similar in manner of delineating ges- 

 ture and general resemblance to the Shoshonian method, is not yet de- 

 termined in that connection. 



These illustrations, as well as other pictographs on the same rock, not 

 at present submitted, bear remarkable resemblance to the general type 

 of Shoshonian drawing, and from such evidence as is now attainable it 

 appears more than probable that they are of Chemehuevi origin, as that 

 tribe at one time ranged thus far west, though north of the mountains, 

 and also visited the valley and settlements at Los Angeles at stated 

 intervals to trade. It is also known that the Mojaves came at stated 

 periods to Los Angeles as late as 1845, and the trail indicated at point 

 a of the map would appear to have been their most practicable and 

 convenient route. Then? is strong evidence that the Molds sometimes 

 visited the Pacific coast and might readily have taken this same course, 

 marking the important portion of the route by drawings in the nature 

 of guide boards. 



CHARTS OF GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES. 



Dr. W. J. Hoffman states that when at Grapevine Springs, Nevada, in 

 1871, the PaiUta living at that locality informed the party of the ex- 

 act location of Las Vegas, the objective point. The Indian sat upon 

 the sand, and with the palms of his hands formed an oblong ridge to rep- 

 resent Spring Mountain, and southeast of this ridge another gradual 

 slope, terminating on the eastern side more abruptly ; over the latter 

 he passed his fingers to represent the side valleys running eastward. 

 He then took a stick and showed the direction of the old Spanish trail 

 running east and west over the lower portion of the last-named ridge. 



When this was completed the Indian looked at the members of the 

 party, and with a mixture of English, Spanish, Pai-Uta, and gesture 

 signs, told them that from where, they were now they would have to go 

 southward, east of Spring Mountain, to the camp of Pai-Uta Charlie, 

 where they would have to sleep ; then indicating a line southeastward to 



