MALLEKV.] 



INSIGNIA — NAME. 



169 



Figure 75 (extracted from the First Annual Report Bureau of Eth- 

 nology, Fig. 227), drawn and explained by an Oglala Dakota, exhibits 

 four erect pipes to show that he had led four war parties. 



Fig. 75. — Two-Strike as Partisan. 



PERSONAL NAME. 



The names of Indians as formerly adopted or bestowed among them- 

 selves were and still remain counotive, when not subjected to white 

 influence. They very often refer to some animal, predicating an attri- 

 bute or position of that animal. On account of their objective, or at 

 least ideographic, character, they almost invariably admit of being ex- 

 pressed in sign-language; and for the same reason they can with the 

 same ease be portrayed in pictographs. Abundant proof of this is 

 given in two collections infra, viz., the Ogalala Roster and the Eed-Cloud 

 Census. The device generally adopted by the Dakotas to signify that 

 an object drawn in connection with a human head or figure was a name 

 totem or a personal nameof the individual, is to connect that object with 

 the figure by a line drawn to the head or more frequently to the mouth 

 of the latter. The same tribes make a distinction in manifesting that 

 the gesture-sign for the object gestured is intended to be the name of an 

 individual, by passing the index forward from the mouth in a direct 

 line after the conclusion of the sign for the object. This signifies, 

 " that is his name," — the name of the person referred to. 



A similar designation of an object as a name by means of a connected 

 line is mentioned in Eingsborough's Mexico, Vol. I, Plate 33, part 4, and 

 text, Vol. VI, page 150. Pedro de Alvarado, one of the companions of 

 Cortez, was red-headed. Because of this the Mexicans called him Tona- 

 tihu, the "Sun," and in their picture-writing his name was represented 

 by a picture of that luminary attached to his person by a line. 



