172 PICTOGRAPHS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



■willing to tell his proper name to a white man as to an Indian ; and, of course, be- 

 tween the Indian and the white man there is no relationship the term for which can 

 serve as a proper name. An Indian, therefore, when he has to do with a European, 

 asks the latter to give him a name, and if one is given to him, always afterwards 

 uses this. The names given in this way are generally simple enough — John, Peter, 

 Thomas, and so on. But sometimes they are not sufficiently simple to he compre- 

 hended and remembered by their Indian owners, who therefore, having induced the 

 donor to write the name on a piece of paper, preserve this ever after most carefully, 

 and whenever asked for their name by another European, exhibit the document as 

 the only way of answering. Sometimes, however, an Indian, though he cannot pro- 

 nouuco his English names, makes it possible by corruption. For instance, a certain 

 Macusi Indian was known to me for a long time as Shassapoon, which I thought was 

 his proper name, until it accidentally appeared that it was his 'English name,' he 

 having been named by and after one Charles Appun, a German traveler. 



The original of Figure 76 was made by Lean-Wolf, second chief of the 

 Hidatsa, for Dr. W. J. Hoffman in 1881, and represents the method 

 which this Indian has employed to designate himself 

 for many years past. During his boyhood he had au- 

 ~~ \^**" — *~^ other name. This is a current, or perhaps it may be 

 '/\ ■*» ) called cursive, form of the name, which is given more 

 elaborately in Figure 74, 



Figure 77 is taken from the winter count of Bat 

 tiste Good for the year 1841-42. He calls the year 

 "Poiuter-made-acommemoratiou-of the dead winter." 



J?IG. 76. — Lean-W olr. 



Also "Deep-snow winter." 

 The extended index denotes the man's name, " Pointer," the ring 

 and spots, deep snow. 

 The spots denoting snow occur also in other portions of this count, 

 and the circle, denoting quantity, is also attached in 

 Figure 141, p. 219, to a forked stick and incloses a buf- 

 falo head to signify much meat. That the circle is in- 

 tended to signify quantity is probable, as the gesture 

 for " much" or "quantity " is made by passing the hands 

 upward from both sides and together before the body, 

 describing the upper half of a circle, i.e., showing a heap. 

 Figure 78 is also from the winter count of Battiste 

 Good for the year 17S5-'8C. This year he calls " The- 

 Ckeyennes-killed-Shadow's-father winter." 

 Fi^T77.— Pointer. The umbrella signifies Shadow; the three marks 



under the arrow, Cheyenne ; the blood-stained arrow 

 in the man's body, killed; Shadow's name and the umbrella in the figure 

 intimates that he was the first Dakota to carry an umbrella. The ad- 

 vantages of the umbrella were soon recognized by the Dakotas, and the 

 first they obtained from the whites were highly prized. 



In the record prepared by Battiste Good this is the only instance 

 where the short vertical lines below the arrow signify Cheyenne. In 

 all others these marks are numerical, and denote the number of persons 

 killed. That these short lines signify Cheyenne may be attributable 



