mallery] PROPERTY MARKS INDIVIDUAL STATUS. 183 



States where ranches are common, illustrate the modern use of prop- 

 erty marks. A collection of these brands made by the writer compares 

 unfavorably for individuality and ideography with the marks of Indians 

 for similar pnrposes. 



The following translation from Kunst and Witz der Neger (Art and 

 Ingenuity of the Negro) is inserted for the purpose of comparison be- 

 tween Africa and America. The article was published at Munich, 

 Bavaria, in Das Ausland, 1884, No. 1, p. 12. 



" Whenever a pumpkin of surprisingly line appearance is growing, 

 which promises to furnish a desirable water- vase, the proprietor hurries 

 to distinguish it by cutting into it some special mark with his knife, 

 and probably superstitious feelings may co-operate in this act. I have 

 reproduced herewith the best types of such property marks which I 

 have been able to discover." 



These property marks are reproduced in Figure 81. 



STATUS OP THE INDIVIDUAL. 



Several notices of pictographs under this head appear in other parts 

 of this paper; among others, designations of chiefs, sub-chiefs, parti- 

 sans, medicinemen or shamans, horse thieves, and squaw men,areshowu 

 in the Winter Counts and in the Ogalala Roster. See also Figure 120, 

 page 204. Captives are drawn in Figure 180, page 242. With reference 

 to the status of women as married or single see pages 04 and 232. For 

 widow, see page 197. Marks for higher and lower classes are mentioned 

 on page 64. 



To these may be added the following, contributed by Mr. Gatschet: 

 Half-breed girls among the Klamaths of Oregon appear to have but 

 one perpendicular line tattooed down over the chin, while the full- 

 blood women have four perpendicular lines on the chin. Tattooing, 

 when practiced at this day, is performed with needles, the color being- 

 prepared from charcoal. 



SIGNS OF PARTICULAR ACHIEVEMENTS. 



Eagle feathers are worn by the Hidatsa Indians to denote acts of 

 courage or success in war. The various markings have different signi- 

 fications, as is shown in the following account, which, with sketches of 

 the features made from the original objects, were obtained by Dr. Hoff- 

 man from the Hidatsa at Fort Berthold, Dakota, during 1881. 



