194 PICTOGRAPHS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



Ka-xa-qliitn' mi-na-qa lu-qu ta-xli-mu-niik tu-du ia-nfik. Kii xla Ink 



Shaman gave tu hiin five deer. Shaman 



u-qli-ni u n -i-lum' kai-na-nirn' ka-xa-hu pi-gu, i-u-ni 



went to lodge (where), stand- spirits | incantations] devil 



the top (winter habitation) ingoniup made he, 



of 



au-qkua-glu-hu teMtc-lu-gi' te xle men' tun du-ia-gut, tau-na-cuk 



sent to him [the hun- brought to him five deer, same man 



ter] (and) 



pi-xlu-ni' ta-xli-mu-uuk tun-dui'-a-xa-nuk' tu-gu-xli-u-qi. A-xli-lum 



he caught five deer killed. Another 



[secured 1 



Ka xla-qlum' tu-mu-qtcu-gi. 



Shaman not gave them. 



(To whom application had been made previously.) 



DANCES AND CEREMONIES. 



Plate LXXXI exhibits drawings of various masks used in dancing, 

 the characters of which were obtained by Mr. G. K. Gilbert from rocks 

 at Oakley Springs, and were explained to him by Tubi, the chief of the 

 Oraibi Pueblos. They probably are in imitation of masks, as used by 

 the Moki, Znfii, and Kio Grande Pueblos. 



Many examples of masks, dance ornaments, and fetiches used in 

 ceremonies are reported and illustrated in the several papers of Messrs. 

 dishing, Holmes, and Stevenson in the Second Annual Report of the 

 Bureau of Ethnology. Paintings or drawings of many of them have 

 been found on pottery, on shells, and on rocks. 



In this connection the following extract from a letter dated Port 

 Townseud, Washington, June 1, 1883, from Mr. James G. Swan, will 

 be acceptable: "You may remember my calling your attention about 

 a year since to the fact that a gentleman who bad been employed on a 

 preliminary survey for the Mexican National Construction Company 

 had called on me and was astonished at tbe striking similarity betweeu 

 the wooden-carved images of the Haida ludians and the terracotta im- 

 ages he had found in the railroad excavations in Mexico. 



"I have long entertained the belief that the coast tribes originated 

 among the Aztecs, and have made it a subject of careful study for many 

 years. 1 received unexpected aid by the plates in Habel's Investiga- 

 tions in Central and South America. I have shown them to Indians of 

 various coast tribes at various times, and they all recognize certain of 

 those pictures. No. 1, Plate 1, represents a priest cutting oft' the head 

 of his victim with his stone knife. They lx'cognize this, because they 

 always cut off the heads of their enemies slain in battle; they never 

 scalp. The bird of the sun is recognized by all who have seen the pic- 

 ture as the thunder bird of the coast tribes. But the most singular evi- 

 dence I have seen is in Cushing's description of the Zufii Indian, as 

 published in the Century Magazine. The Haidas recognize the scenes, 

 particularly the masquerade scenes in the February |T883] number, as 

 similar to their own tomanawos ceremonies. I have had at least a dozen 



