malleky 1 CUSTOMS DETERMINING PICTOGRAPHERS. 231 



laid parallel with spaces between them of the width of a single strand. 

 Pine gum is then mixed with red ocher, or vermilion, when the indi- 

 vidual can afford the expense, and by means of other hair, or fibers of 

 any kind laid cross-wise, the strands are secured, and around each in- 

 tersection of hair a ball of gum is plastered to hold it in place. About 

 4 inches further down, a similar row of gum balls and cross strings are 

 placed, and so on down to the end. The top of the tail ornament is 

 then secured to the hair on the back of the head. The Indians fre- 

 quently incorporate the false hair with their own so as to lengthen the 

 latter without any marked evidence of the deception. Nevertheless 

 the transverse fastenings with their gum attachments are present. The 

 Arikara have adopted this custom of late, and they have obtained it 

 from the Hidatsa, who, in turn, learned it of the Absaroka. 



In picture-writing this is shown upon the figure of a man by the 

 presence of parallel lines drawn downward from the back of the head, 

 with cross lines, the whole appearing like small squares or a piece of ret. 



Dr. George Gibbs mentions a pietograph made by one of the North- 

 western tribes (of Oregon and Washington) upon which '-the figure 

 of a man, with a long queue, or scalp-lock, reached to his heels, de- 

 noted a Shoshonee, that tribe being in the habit of braiding horse- or 

 other hair into their own in that manner." See Contrib. to N. A. 

 Ethnol., Vol. I, p. 222. 



This may have reference to the Shoshoni Indians among the extreme 

 Northwestern tribes, but it can by no means be positively affirmed that 

 the mark of identification could be based upon the custom of braiding 

 with their own hair that of animals to increase the length and appear- 

 ance of the queue, as this custom also prevails among the Absaroka 

 and Arikara Indians of Montana and Dakota, respectively, as above 

 described. 



Pictures drawn by some of the northern tribes of the Dakota, the 

 Titon, for instance, show the characteristic and distinctive features for a 

 Crow Indian + o be the distribution of the red war paint, which covers 

 the forehead. A Dakota upon the same picture is designated by paint- 

 ing the face red from the eyes down to the end of the chin. Again, 

 the Crow is designated by a top-knot of hair extending upward from 

 the forehead, that lock of hair being actually worn by that tribe and 

 brushed upward and slightly backward. See the seated figure in tin- 

 record of Running- Antelope in Fig. 127, page 210. 



The Pueblos generally, when accurate and particular in delineation, 

 designate the women of that tribe by a huge coil of hair over either 

 ear. This custom prevails also among the Coyotero Apaches, the women 

 wearing the hair in a coil to denote a virgin or an unmarried person, 

 while the coil is absent in the case of a married woman. 



The folio wing remarks are extracted from the unpublished "Catalogue 

 of the Relics of the Ancient Builders of the Southwest Tablelands," by 

 Mr. Thomas V. Keam : 



