236 PICTOGRAPHS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 



tribe which made these pictographs was as far advanced in respect to 

 the making' of glue and preparing of paints as other tribes throughout 

 the United States. 



Examination shows that the dull red color is red ocher, found in vari- 

 ous places in the valley, while the yellow was an ocherous clay, also 

 found there. The white color was probably obtained there, and is evi- 

 dently earthy, though of what nature can only lie surmised, not suffi- 

 cient being obtainable from the rock picture to make satisfactory analy- 

 sis with the blow pipe. The composition of the black is not known, un- 

 less it was made by mixing clay and powdered charcoal from the embers. 

 The latter is a preparation common at this day among other tribes. 



An immense granite bowlder, about 20 feet in thickness and 30 in 

 length, is so broken that a lower quarter is removed, leaving a large 

 square passageway through its entire diameter almost northwest aud 

 southeast. Upon the western wall of this passageway is a collection 

 of the colored sketches of which Figure loo is a reduced copy. The en- 

 tire face of the rock upon which the piciograph occurs measures about 

 113 or 15 feet in width and 8 in height. The ceiling also contains many 

 characters of birds, quadrupeds, etc. No. 1 in the figure measures 6 

 feet in height, from the end of the toes to the top of the head, the others 

 being in proportion as represented. 



The attempt at reproducing gestures is admirably portrayed, and the 

 following explanations are based upon such natural gestures as are 

 almost universally in use : 



No. 1 represents a person weeping. The eyes have lines running down 

 to the breast, below the ends of which are three short lines on either 

 side. The arms and hands are in the exact position for making the 

 gesture for rain. It was evidently the intention of the artist to show 

 that the hands in this gesture should be passed downward over the face, 

 as probably suggested by the short lines upon the lower end of the tears. 

 This is a noticeable illustration of the general term used by Indians 

 when making the gesture for weeping ; i, e., " eye-rain." It is evident 

 that sorrow is portrayed in this illustration, grief based upon the suf- 

 ferings of others who are shown iu connection therewith. 



Nos. 2, 3, 4. Six individuals apparently making the gesture for "hun- 

 ger," by passing the hands towards and backward from the sides of 

 the body, denoting a "gnawing sensation." as expressed by Indians. 

 No. 4 occupying a horizontal position, may possibly denote a "dead 

 man," dead of starvation, this position being adopted by the Ojibwa, 

 Blackfeet, and others as a common way of representing a dead person. 

 The varying lengths of head ornaments denote different degrees of posi- 

 tion as warriors or chiefs. 



Nos. 5, 0, 7, 8, 9 are individuals in various, shapes making gestures 

 for negation, or more specifically nothing, nothing here, a natural and 

 universal gesture made by throwing one or both hands outward toward 

 either side of the body. The hands are extended also, and, to make the 

 action apparently more emphatic, the extended toes are also shown on 



