CONVENTIONALIZING. 



The course of conventionalizing is noticeable in pictograpbs as well 

 as in gesture-signs, on the one hand, and, on the other, as it appears in 

 all forms of graphic art. The analysis of such conventions in form could 

 be pursued at great length with regard to the pictograpbs now known 

 in the same manner as has been done with success by Dr. Harrison Allen 

 in his work " An analysis of the Life-form in Art," Philadelphia, 1875. 

 Some suggestions may be obtained from the present paper, especially 

 from examples given under the headings of Ideographs, page 219, and 

 Homomorphs and Symmorphs, page 239. See also conventionalized 

 sign for Pouka in Winter Count No. I for 1778-79, on page 131, and for 

 Mandan in the same count for 1783-84, on the same page; also the con- 

 ventional sign for Cheyenne, Figure 78, page 173; also the device for 

 starvation, Figure 144, page 220, as conventionalized in Figure 145, page 

 221. The limits of this paper will only allow of submitting in addition 

 the following conventionalized forms of the human figure, in some cases 

 being merely marks arbitrarily used to represent humanity: 



- \ 



Fig. ISO. Fig. 187. Fig. 188. Fig. 189. 



Figure 186 signifies men among the Arikara. The characters are used 

 in connection with horse-shoes, to denote "mounted men." In other 

 pictographs such spots or dots are merely numerical. 



Figure 187 is draw i by the Kiatexainut branch of the Innuits for man. 

 It is an abbreviated form and rare. 



Figure 188, drawn by the Blackfeet, signifies " Man — dead." This 

 is from a pictograph in Wind River Mountains. See Jones's North- 

 western Wyoming, etc., op. cit. 



Figure 1S9 is the Kiatexamut Innuit drawing for man. This figure is 

 armless ; generally represents the person addressed. 



* i J 



Fig. 190. Fig. 191. Fig. 192. Fig. VS. 



Figure 190 is also a Kiatexamut Innuit drawing for man. The fig- 

 ure makes the gesture for negation. 



244 



