holmeb.1 CLASSIFICATION WHITE WARE. 305 



low tints prevailing-; and, third, by the striking individuality and re- 

 markable execution of the painted designs. 



In the valley of the Little Colorado and extending southward to the 

 Gila, we find remnants of a group of highly colored pottery differing from 

 the preceding and, in many respects, from the widely distributed red ware 

 of the north, specimens of which occur in connection with the white 

 ware. The surfaces are painted red and profusely decorated in white, 

 black, and red lines and figures. 



Still another variety is obtained from this region. As indicated by 

 collections from Saint John and Springerville, it consists greatly of 

 bowls, the colors, forms, and decorations having decided points of re- 

 semblance to corresponding features of the cream colored ware of ancient 

 Tusayan. There are still other groups, probably of intermediary periods, 

 whose limits are not yet well defined, examples of which are found in 

 possession of the Pueblo Indians. 



At Pecos the art was practiced long after the advent of the conquer- 

 ors, and later specimens show the archaic decorative ideas worked out 

 in Spanish glaze. The deserted pueblos of the Eio Grande furnish an- 

 tique forms that show wide distinctions from the ancient wares of the 

 west. Another variety peculiar to the southwest shows indications of 

 having been carried down to the present in the work of the Indians of 

 the Lower Colorado Valley. Each of these groups and such new ones 

 as may be discovered will be made the subject of careful study. 



The remainder of this paper will be devoted to a single group — the 

 first mentioned in the preceding list. 



WHITE WARE. 



The coiled ware has already been presented in some detail. Most 

 nearly related to it in material, form, color, and distribution is the 

 archaic white ware, the pottery par excellance of the "Cliff-Dwellers." 

 It is easily recognized, even from small fragments, whether found in the 

 valley of the Colorado, of the Eio Grande, or of the Gila, although each lo- 

 cality has its slight peculiarities of texture, tint, shape, and ornamenta- 

 tion. As a rule the material is a fine-grained clay, tempered with fine 

 sand, the surfaces of the vessels being coated with a thin wash of very 

 fine white clay. The ware is nearly always well baked and hard, breaking 

 with a saccharoidal, rarely with a couchoidal, fracture. The surface is, 

 as a rule, well polished, but often slightly undulating. The color of the 

 paste is generally gray within the mass and white upon the surface. 

 Associated with the white ware in most localities we find a small percent- 

 age of red ware nearly identical in all save color with the white ware. 



The forms are comparatively few and simple, a full, well-rounded 

 body, as with the coiled ware, being a strong characteristic. The or- 

 namentation is generally in black paint, exceptionally in red and white, 

 and consists to a great extent of geometric figures, often rather rudely 

 drawn. Very rarely we observe an attempt to delineate a life form — 

 human or animal, never vegetable. 

 4 eth 20 



