cusHiNc] POTTERY AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENT. 485 



consequent cracking from drying. This lining of clay is pressed, while 

 still soft, into the basket as closely as possible with the hands and then 

 allowed to dry. The tray is thus made ready for use. The seeds or 

 other substances to be parched are placed inside of it, together with a 

 quantity of glowing wood-coals. The operator, quickly squatting, grasps 

 the tray at opposite edges, and, by a rapid spiral motion up and down, 

 succeeds in keeping the coals and seeds constantly shifting places and 

 turning over as they dance after one another around and around the 

 tray, meanwhile blowing or puffing the embers with every breath to 

 keep them free from ashes and glowing at their hottest. 



That this clay lining should grow hard from continual heating, and 

 in some instances separate from its matrix of osiers, is apparent. The 

 clay form thus detached would itself be a perfect roasting- vessel. 



POTTERY SUGGESTED BY CLAY-LINED BASKETRY. 



This would suggest the ageucy of gradual heat in rendering clay fit 

 for use in cookery and preferable to any previous makeshift. The mod- 

 ern Zufii name for a parching-pan, which is a shallow bowl of black- 

 ware, is tide monne, the name for a basket-tray being tlilii' lin. ne. The 

 latter name signifies a shallow vessel of twigs, or thh'i ire; the former 

 etymologically interpreted, although of earthenware, is a hemispherical 

 vessel of the same kind and material. All this would indicate that the 

 thla' lin ne, coated with clay for roasting, had given birth to the title 

 mon ne, or parching-pan of earthenware. (See Fig. 502.) 



Fig. 502. — Zufii earthenware roasting tray. 



Among the Havasupai, still surviving as a sort of bucket, is the 

 basket-pot or boiling-basket, for use with hot stones, which form I have 

 also found in some of the cave deposits throughout the ancient Zufii 

 country. These vessels (see Fig. 503) were bottle shaped and provided 

 near the rims of their rather narrow mouths with a sort of cord or strap- 

 handle, attached to two loops or eyes (Fig. 503 a) woven into the basket, 

 to facilitate handling when the vessel was tilled with hot water. In 

 the manufacture of one of these vessels, which are good examples 

 of the helix or spirally-coiled type of basket, the beginning was made 



