cusnrar,.] POTTERY AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENT. 493 



basket-bottles. (See Fig. 522.) At first it seems odd that with all these 

 points of similarity the two kinds of water- vessel should have totally dis- 

 similar names ; the basket-bottle being known as the kHd pu l<Ha torn me, 

 from ¥id pu Ma, " for carrying or placing water in," and torn me ; the han- 

 dled earthen receptacle, as the imnsh ton ne. Yet when we consider that 

 the latter was designed not for transporting water, for which it was less 

 suited than the former, but for holding it, for which it was even prefer- 

 able, the discrepancy is explained, since the name i mush ton ne is from 

 i' tnu, to sit, and torn me, a tube. This indicates, too, why the basket- 

 bottle was not displaced by the earthen bottle. While the former con- 

 tinued in use for bringing water from a distance, the latter was employed 

 for storing it. As the fragile earthen vessels were much more readily 

 made and less liable to become tainted, they were exclusively used as 

 receptacles, removing the necessity of the tedious manufacture of a 

 large number of the basket-bottles. Again, as the pitcher was thus used 

 exclusively as a receptacle, to be set aside in household or cam p, the name 

 i' mush ton ne sufficed without the interpolation te — "earthenware" — to 

 distinguish it as of terra cotta instead of osiery. 



POTTERY INFLUENCED BY LOCAL MINERALS. 



Before discussing the origin of other forms, it may be well to con- 

 sider briefly some influences, more or less local, which, in addition to the 

 general effect of gourd-forms in suggesting basket-types and of the lat- 

 ter in shaping earthenware, had considerable bearing on the develop- 

 n;ent of ceramic art in the Southwest, pushing it to higher degrees of 

 perfection and diversity in some parts than in others. 



Perhaps first in importance among these influences was the mineral 

 character of a locality. Where clay occurred of a tine tough texture, 

 easily mined and manipulated, the work in terra cotta became propor- 

 tionately more elaborate in variety and finer in quality. There are to 

 be found about the sites of some ancient pueblos, potsherds incredibly 

 abundant and indicating great advancement in decorative art, while 

 near others, architecturally similar, even where evidence of ethnic con- 

 nection is not wanting, only coarse, crudely-molded, and painted frag- 

 ments are discoverable, and these in limited quantity. 



An example in point is the ruined pueblo of A' wat u i or Aguatobi, as 

 it was known to the Spaniards at the time of the conquest, when it was 

 the leading "city of the Province of Tusayau," now Mold. Over the 

 entire extent of this ruin, and to a considerable distance around it, 

 fragments of the greatest variety in color, shape, size, and finish of 

 ware occur in abundance. In the immediate neighborhood, however, 

 are extensive, readily accessible formations producing several kinds of 



