498 PUEBLO POTTERY AND ZUNI CULTURE-GROWTH. 



however from necessity, as from habit. In cons"quence of the difficulty 

 experienced in removing these bowl-forms from the bottoms of the 

 baskets — which had to be done while they were still plastic, to keep 

 them from cracking— they were made very shallow. Hence the speci- 

 mens found among the older rains and graves are not only corrugated 

 outside, but are also very wide in proportion to their height. (See Fig. 

 525.) As time went on it was iouud that bowls might be made deeper, 



^ig. 525. — Ancient bowi ot corrugated ware. 



and yet readily be taken off from the basket bottoms, if slightly moist- 

 ened outside and pressed evenly all around, or, better still, scraped ; 

 for, being plastic, this proceeding caused them to grow thinner, conse- 

 quently larger, thereby to loosen from the basket over which they had 

 been molded. As a result of this scraping, however, the corrugated sur- 

 face was destroyed, nor could it easily be restored. Therefore bowls when 

 made deep were, as a rule, smooth on the outside as well as on the interior 

 surface. When by a perfectly natural sequence of events — as will be 

 shown further on — ornamentation by painting came to be applied first to 

 t lie plain interiors of the bowls, the smooth outer surface was found pref- 

 erable to the corrugated surface, not only because it took paint more 

 readily, but also because the bowl, when painted outside as well as inside, 

 formed a far handsomer utensil for household use than if simply deco- 

 rated by the older methods. As a consequence, we find that, while the 

 larger vessels continued to be corrugated and indented, the smoothed 

 and painted bowl came into general use. Associated later on with this 

 secondary type of bowls occurred the larger vessels plain at the bot- 

 toms, still corrugated at the sides. Nor is this surprising, as the bowl, 

 molded on the basket bottom and there smoothed, could be afterward 

 built up by the spiral process. When in time the huge hemispherical 

 canteens or water carriers of earthen-ware replaced the basket bottles, 

 so also the water jar or olla replaced the handled sitter or pitcher, since 

 it could be made larger to receive more copious supplies of water than 

 the strength of the frail handles on the pitchers would warrant. 



The water jar. like the food-bowl, is a conspicuous household article; 

 for which reason the Zufii woman expends all her ability to render them 

 handsome. Judging by this, the desire to decorate the water-vessel 

 with paint, like its constant jinpanion the food-bowl, would early lead 

 to the attempt to make its surface smooth. This would need to be ef- 

 fected while the article was still soft; which necessity probably led to 

 the discovery that ajar of the corrugated or simply coiled type may be 



