MO..NEV] MAC MURRAY OX KOTAl'AQAN 723 



a time, would be reocoupied by the spirits 'which umv dwell in the mountain tops, 

 watching their descendants on earth and waiting for the resurrection to come. The 

 voices of these spirits of the dead can be heard at all times in the mountains, and 

 often they answer back when spoken to. Mourners who wail for their dead hear 

 spirit voices replying, and know they "ill always remain near them. No man knows 

 when it will come, and only those who have observed nature's laws and adhered to 

 the faith of their ancestors will have their bones so preserved and be certain of an 

 earthly tenement for their spirits. He wanted me to confirm this. 



Coteeaknn was pacific and gentle. He said all men were as brothers to him and 

 he hoped all would dwell together. He had been told that white and black and all 

 other kinds of men originally dwelt in tents, as the red men al w a \ s have dune, and 

 that God in former times came to commune with white men. He thought there could 

 be only one Saghalee Tyee, in which ease white and red men would live on a common 

 plane. We came from one source of life and in time would "grow from one stem 

 again. It would be like a stick that the whites held by one end and the Indians by 

 the other until it was broken, and it would be made again into one stick." 



Some of the wilder Indians to the north have more truculent ideas as to the final 

 cataclysm which is to reoverturn the mountains and bring back the halcyon days of 

 the long past. As the whites and the others came only within the lifetime of the 

 fathers of these Indians, they are not to be included in the benefits of the resur- 

 rection, but arc to be turned over with all that the white man's civilization has put 

 upon the present surface of the land. 



Coteeaknn was for progress — limited progress, it is true — to the extent of fixed 

 homes and agriculture, but he did not want his people to go from their villages or 

 to abandon their religious faith. They were nearly all disposed to work for wages 

 among the tanners, and had orchards and some domestic animals upon whose produce 

 they lived, besides the fish from the rivers. Smohalla opposed anything that per- 

 tained to civilization, and had neither cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, nor chickens, and 

 not a. tree or vegetable was grown anywhere in his vicinage. Kowso (I'eaccdanum 

 cous), kamas (Camassia esculenta), berries, iish, and the game of the mountains alone 

 furnished food to his people, whom he advised to resist every advance of civilization 

 as improper for a true Indian and in violation of the faith of their ancestors. I 

 found, however, that he was willing to advise his people to take up lands and adopt 

 the white man's road, if the government would pension him as it had pensioned 

 Chief Moses, so that while I thought he believed in his religion as much as other 

 sectarians do in theirs, he was tainted by the mercenary desire to live upon his fol- 

 lowers unless otherwise provided for by the government. 



From Captain E. L. Huggins, Second cavalry, who visited Smohalla 

 about the same time, we obtain further information concerning the 

 prophet's personality and doctrines. When Smohalla was urged to 

 follow the example of other Indians who had taken up the white man's 

 road, he replied, "No one has any respect for these book Indians. Even 

 the white men like me better and treat me better than they do the book 

 Indians. My young men shall never work. Men who work can not 

 dream, and wisdom comes to us in dreams." 



When it was argued that the whites worked and yet knew more than 

 the Indians, he replied that the white man's wisdom was poor and weak 

 and of no value to Indians, who must learn the highest wisdom from 

 dreams and from participating in the Dreamer ceremonies. Being 

 pressed to explain the nature of this higher knowledge, he replied, 

 "Each one must learn for himself the highest wisdom. It can not be 

 taught. You have the wisdom of your race. Be content." 



