moonev] SMOHALLA FORM OF WORSHIP 729 



end of the building at Pa'kiut, are the flags, the center one blue, repre- 

 senting the sky; another one white, representing the earthly light, and 

 the third yellow, representing the heavenly light of the spirit world. 

 Blue, white, and yellow are the sacred colors of this system, as also of 

 that of the Shakers, to be described later. On entering, the worshipers 

 range themselves in two lines along the sides of the building, the men 

 and boys standing along the northern wall, the women and girls along 

 the southern wall, and all facing toward the center. The first man 

 entering takes his place on the north nearest the door; the next one 

 stands just beyond him, and so on; while the women and girls, when 

 their turn comes, make the whole circuit along the northern side, and 

 then, turning at the farther end, take their places in reverse order 

 along the southern wall. In the open space between the rows is a floor- 

 walker, whose business it is to see that everyone is in the right place. 

 All are dressed as neai-ly as possible in the finest style of the old 

 Indian costume, buckskin and shell ornaments, their faces painted yel- 

 low, white, or red with Indian paints, and carrying eagle feathers in 

 their right hands (plates xc, xci; figure 66). 



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Fig. 6t3 — Diagram showing arrangement of worshipers :it Smohalla service. 



At the farther end, facing the door, sits the high priest, while just 

 behind him stands his "interpreter," and on his left are seated on the 

 ground the three drummers with their large drums in front of them. 

 The high priest carries a large bell in his left hand and a smaller one 

 in his right. 



Dishes of fresh-cooked salmon and jars of water, together with a 

 plentiful supply of other food, are ranged in front of the devotees. 

 After a preliminary ceremony in the nature of a litany, in which the 

 principal articles of their theology are recited in the form of question 

 and answer by the whole body of worshipers, the high priest gives 

 the command, '-Take water," when everyone raises a cup of water to 

 his lips. Next comes the command, "Now drink," and each one takes 

 a sip. At the words, "Now the salmon," each takes up a portion of 

 fish, which he puts into his mouth at the next command, "Now eat." 

 Last comes the command, "Now help yourselves," which is the signal 

 for a general attack on the provisions. 



