mooney] CLOSE OF SMOHALLA SERVICE 731 



line of women, and as he reaches the door he turns around and bows 

 to the high priest. Each man in turn thus files around and passes out, 

 after which the women — first the one nearest the high priest and then 

 the others iu regular order — pass out in the same manner. While the 

 worshipers are thus going out, the high priest, standing up, rings con- 

 tinuously the small bell in his right hand, while with the larger bell in 

 his left he gives a single stroke as each one passes through the door. 



Tribes of the Columbia region 



The following synopsis will give a good general idea of the location 

 and numbers of the tribes of the Columbia region from the British line 

 down to the Cascades, including all those under the influence of the 

 Smohalla religion. Except when derived from such well-known author- 

 ities as Lewis and Clark, Stevens, Gibbs, etc, the information given is 

 the result of personal iuvestigation and work with Yakima and Pains 

 Indians. The general boundaries of the tribes west of the Cascade 

 range, including the adherents of the Shaker religion, are also indicated 

 on the accompanying map (plate lxxxviii), but our information in 

 regard to this region is too meager to be definite. 



Kutenai (Kitunahan stock). — Synonyms: Arcs Plats, Cotounc, Cot- 

 tonoi, Coutanie, Flatbow, Kitunaha, Kootenai, Koutaine, Kutneha, 

 Skalzi, Tushepaw (Lewis and Clark, 1805), White-tailed Deer People 

 (Clark, Indian Sign Language). The Kutenai, properly Kituna'qa, form 

 a distinct linguistic stock, and live chiefly on the Canadian side, around 

 Kutenai river and lake, but extend across the line into northern Idaho 

 and northwestern Montana. Their extension southward dates from 

 their treaty of peace with the Flatheads about ninety years ago. In 

 company with the Flatheads they were accustomed formerly to come 

 down from the mountains in the fall to hunt the buffalo on the head waters 

 of the Missouri. They are mentioned by Lewis and Clark in 1805 

 under the name of Tushepaw, with bands distinguished as Ootlashoot, 

 Micksucksealton( ?),and Hohilpo living in the mountains and on Clark's 

 fork within United States territory. According to Gatschet, Tu'shipa 

 is a collective term applied by the Shoshoni to the tribes living north 

 of them, including the TSez Perces and others, as well as the Kutenai. 

 A part of the Kutenai joined with the Flatheads and Upper Pend 

 d'< heilles ina treaty with the government in 1855 and are now on Flat- 

 head (Jocko) reservation in Montana. They are probably all Catholics. 

 Others, living in northern Idaho, have never entered into treaty rela- 

 tions, and may be followers of Smohalla. The best estimates for the 

 last fifty years give those within the United States a population of 

 from 400 to 450. 



Pend d'Oreille (Salishan stock). — Synonyms: Calispel, Coospellar 

 (Lewis and Clark), Kahlispelm, Kalispeliues, Kalispelusses, Kellespem, 

 Kullas-Palus, Ku'shpelu (a Yakima or Palus form), Papshpun-'lema or 

 "people of the great fir trees'' (Yakima name), Pend d'Oreilles or 



