mooney] TRIBES OF THE COLUMBIA 735 



than any I have ever met. He is kindly disposed toward the whites 

 and invites them to come, and settle in his country." ( Winans.) Lin- 

 guistically they are probably nearest related to the Piskwaus. 



WA'NAPfJM(Shaliaptian stock). — Synonyms: Columbia Eiver Indians, 

 Sokulks. This is the tribe of which Smohalla is the chief and high 

 priest. They are a small band, numbering probably less than 200 souls, 

 and closely connected linguistically and politically with the Yakima, 

 Palus, and Nez Perces. Wanapuiu is the name by which they are 

 known to these cognate tribes, and signifies "river people;" from wana 

 or wala, "river" (particularly Columbia river), and yum ovpam, "people 

 or tribal country." Together with the other non-treaty tribes of this 

 region they are known to the whites under the indefinite name of 

 "Columbia River Indians." They are identical with the Sokulk met 

 by Lewis and Clark at the mouth of Snake river and described as 

 living farther up on the Columbia. The name Sokulk seems to be 

 entirely unknown among the Yakima and Palus of today. The Wa' 

 napum range along both banks of the Columbia, in Washington, from 

 above Crab creek down to the mouth of Snake river. Their village, 

 where Smohalla resides, is on the west bank of the Columbia, at the 

 foot of Priest rapids, in the Yakima country. It is called Pnii, signi- 

 fying, "a fish weir," and is a great rendezvous for the neighboring 

 tribes during the salmon fishing season. Having never made a treaty 

 or gone on a reservation, they are not officially recognized by the gov- 

 ernment. 



Pa'ltjs (Shahaptian stock). — Synonyms : Palouse, Pelloatpallah Cho- 

 punnish (Lewis and Clark), Peloose, Polonches, Sewatpalla. The 

 Palus owned the whole basin of Palouse river in Washington and 

 Idaho, and extended also along the north bank of Snake river to its 

 junction with the Columbia. They were, and are, closely connected 

 with the Wanapum and the Nez Perces. Palus, the name by which 

 the tribe is commonly known, is properly the name of Standing Eock, 

 at the junction of Palouse and Snake rivers. They can not explain 

 the meaning. They have four villages : Almotu, on the north bank of 

 Snake river in Washington, about .'!(> miles above, the mouth of Palouse 

 river; Palus, on the north bank of Snake riser just below the 

 junction of the Palouse; Ta'sawlks, on the north bank of Snake river 

 about 15 miles above its mouth; and Kasi'spa or Cosispa (meaning 

 "at the point," from Msl's, a point, and pa, the locative), at Ainsworth 

 in the junction of the Snake and Columbia. This last village has a 

 slight difference in dialect and is sometimes regarded as belonging to 

 the Wanapum. Although the PaTus are mentioned as parties to the 

 Y'akima treaty of 1855, they have never as a tribe recognized any 

 treaty limitations or come upon a reservation. They are aboriginal in 

 their ideas and among the most devoted adherents of the Smohalla 

 doctrine. They were estimated at 500 in 1854, but, not being officially 

 recognized, it is impossible to give their present number. 

 14 eth — pt '2 7 



