moonev] TRIBES OF THE COLUMBIA 743 



place." In tlie appendix, after mentioning various bands of Snakes on 

 Snake and Willamette rivers, they speak of the main body as "resid- 

 ing in the fall and winter on the Multnomah (Willamet) river, south- 

 ward of the Southwest mountains, and in spring and summer near the 

 heads of the Towahnahiook (Des Chutes), Lepage (John Day), Yau- 

 malolam (Umatilla), and Wollawollah rivers, and especially at the falls 

 of the Towahnahiook, for the purpose of fishing." In the Wasco 

 treaty of 1855 the Shahaptiau tribes were recognized as owners of the 

 whole country southward to the forty-fourth parallel, from the Cascade 

 range east to the Blue mountains. See Tapanash. 



TfjKSPf sh or John Day Indians (Shahaptiau stock). — Synonyms: 

 Dock-spus, John Day Eivers, Tukspush-iema. A tribe speaking the 

 Tenino language and formerly living along the lower part of John Day 

 river, Oregon, having their principal village at the falls about 4 miles 

 above the mouth. They are now ou Warmspring reservation, and num- 

 bered 59 in 1802, with perhaps others off the reservation. Tukspush is 

 the name of John Day river in the Tenino language. 



Li ih'im or Willow Creek Indians (Shoshonean stock). — A tribe 

 living on Willow creek, in Gilliam and Morrow counties, Oregon. They 

 are of Shoshonean connection, being the only Indians of this stock who 

 have been able to maintain their position ou the Columbia against the 

 inroads of the Shahaptiau tribes. They have never made a treaty with 

 the government, and are generally spoken of as renegades belonging to 

 the Umatilla reservation. In 1870 they were reported to number 114, 

 but are not mentioned in the recent official reports. 



Cayuse or Waile'tpl (Waiilatpuan stock). — Synonyms: Oailloux, 

 Kayuse, Shiwanish, Skyuse, Wailetma, Yeletpo Chopunnish (of Lewis 

 anil Clark). The Cayuse are a warlike tribe of distinct stock for- 

 merly occupying the mountain country ou the heads of Wallawalhi, 

 Umatilla, and Grande Komle rivers in Oregon and Washington, includ- 

 ing the present Umatilla reservation. Further investigation may yet 

 establish a linguistic connection with the Shahaptiau tribes. The 

 Molala, formerly on Molalla creek, west of the Cascades, are a sepa- 

 rated baud, of whose western migration the Cayuse and their neighbors 

 still have a tradition. The Cayuse formerly bore a high reputation for 

 intelligence and bravery, but on account of their fighting propensities, 

 which led them to make constant war on the Snakes and other tribes to 

 the west, they were never very numerous. In 1838 a Presbyterian mis- 

 sion, called Waiilatpu, had been established among the Cayuse, by Dr 

 Whitman, where now is the town of Whitman, in Wallawalhi county, 

 Washington. In 1847 the smallpox, before unknown among them, car- 

 ried off a large part of the tribe. The Cayuse, believing that the mis- 

 sionaries were the cause of it, attacked the mission on November 29, 

 1847, killed Dr Whitman and thirteen others, and destroyed the mission. 

 As a matter of fact, there seems little question that the infection was 

 brought into the country in supplies intended for the use of the mission 



