744 THE GHOST-DANCE RELIGION [bib. ann. u 



or of emigrants temporarily stopping there. In 1854, according to Sic- 

 vcns, "the tribe, though still dreaded by their neighbors <>n account of 

 their courage and warlike spirit, is but a small one, numbering, accord- 

 ing to the census of 1851, only 120. Of these, individuals of the pure 

 blood are few, the majority being intermixed with the Nez Percys and 

 the Wallah-Wallahs, particularly with the former, to such a degree that 

 their own language has fallen into disuse." A few years ago only a few 

 individuals, then living on Umatilla reservation, retained their old lan- 

 guage. In 1855 they joined in the treaty by which Umatilla reservation 

 in Oregon was set apart, and most of those remaining are now there, 

 while a few others are with the Nez Perces at Lapwai. Joseph, the 

 noted Nez Perce chief, is himself the son of a Oayuse father. Iu 1892 

 the Cayuse on Umatilla reservation were reported to number 391, but it 

 is evident that most of these are mixed bloods of other tribes, particu- 

 larly the Umatilla. The name Cayuse is from the Nez Perce language; 

 They call themselves Wailetpu. They are known to the Yakima as 

 Wi'al6t-pum or Wai'letma, and to theTeninoas Shiwanish,or -'strangers 

 from up the river," a name extended also to the Nez Perces. 



Umatilla (Shahaptian stock). — Synonym: Utilla. A tribe for- 

 merly occupying the lower portion of the river of the same name, with 

 the adjacent bank of the Columbia, in Oregon. They speak a distinct 

 language of the Shahaptian stock. By the treaty of 1855 they agreed 

 to go on Umatilla reservation in Oregon, where in 1892 they were 

 reported to number 21(5. A large proportion of those now called Cay- 

 use on the same reservation are Umatilla mixed-bloods. 



Wallawalla (Shahaptian stock). — Synonyms: < >ualla-< )ualla, Wal- 

 awaltz, Wollawollah, Wollaw Wollah. A tribe formerly occupying the 

 country about the lower portion of the river of the same name and 

 along the east bank of the Columbia from Snake river down nearly to 

 the Umatilla, iu Washington and Oregon. They take their name from 

 the river, the word being said to refer to "rushing water." Their lan- 

 guage is said to resemble closely that of the Nez Perces. By the treaty 

 of 1855 they agreed to go on Umatilla reservation, Oregon, where, in 

 1S92, they were reported to number 474. 



A small band of the same tribe, known to the Yakima as Walu'la-pum, 

 formerly lived on the west bank of the Columbia opposite the present 

 Wallula. Their dialect is said to have been more akin to the 1'ii'lus 

 language. 



Saiiaptinoi' Nez Pebces (Shahaptian stock). — Synonyms: Chohop- 

 tins, Chopunnish (Lewis and Clark), Copunnish, Laaptin (misprint), 

 A'dal-k'ato'igo, "people with hair cut across the forehead" (Kiowa 

 name), Shi'wanlsh (Tenino name, applied also to the Cayuse), Wa'pa- 

 metant (Yakima name for the language). The Nez Perces are said to 

 call themselves Sahaptin, and were named Nez I'erces, or "pierced 

 noses," by the French from their former custc f wearing nose pend- 

 ants. They are the most important tribe of the Shahaptian stock, and 



