892 THE GHOST-DANCE RELIGION [eth.ann.U 



The direct or incidental expenses of the campaign were as follows: 

 Expenses of the Department of Justice for defending Plenty Horses and 

 prosecuting the murderers of Few Tails, unknown; appropriation by 

 Congress to reimburse Nebraska national guard for expense of service 

 during the campaign, $43,000; paid out under act of Congress to reim- 

 burse friendly Indians and other legal residents on the reservations for 

 property destroyed by hostiles, $'.»7,646.85 (Comr., 41); extra expense 

 of Commissary department of the army, $37,764.(59; extra expense of 

 the Medical department of the army, $1,164, besides extra supplies pur- 

 chased by individuals; extra- expenses of Ordnance department of the 

 army, for ammunition, not accounted for; total extra expense of Quar- 

 termaster's department of the army, $9ir>,078.81, including $ 120,634.17 

 for transportation of troops over bonded railroads. (A. 0. 0.,8.) The 

 total expense, public or private, was probably but little short of 

 $1,200,000, or nearly $40,000 per day, a significant commentary on the 

 bad policy of breaking faith with Indians. 



According to the report of the agency farmer sent out after the 

 trouble to learn the extent of property of the friendly Indians destroyed 

 by the hostiles on Pine liidge agency, there were burned 53 Indian 

 dwellings, 1 church, 2 schoolhouses, and a bridge, all on White Clay 

 creek, while nearly every remaining house along the creek had the win- 

 dows broken out. A great deal of farming machinery and nearly all 

 of the hay were burned, while stoves were broken to pieces and stock 

 killed. A few of the friendly Indians had been so overcome by the 

 excitement that they had burned their own houses and run their 

 machinery down high hills into the river, where it was found frozen 

 in the ice several months later. (G. T)., 48.) 



In view of the fact that, only one noncombatant was killed and no 

 depredations were committed off the reservation, the panic among the 

 frontier settlers of both Dakotas, Nebraska, and Iowa was something 

 ludicrous. The inhabitants worked themselves into such a high panic 

 that ranches and even whole villages were temporarily abandoned and 

 the people docked into the railroad cities with vivid stories of murder, 

 scalping, and desolation that had no foundation whatever in fact. A 

 reliable authority who was on the ground shortly after the scare had 

 subsided gives this characteristic instance among others: 



In another city, a place of 3,000 inhabitants, 75 miles from any Indians and 150 

 miles from any hostiles. word came about 2 o'clock Sunday morning for the militia 

 to be in readiness. The company promptly assembled, were instructed and drilled. 

 In an evening church service one of the pastors broke out in prayer: "O Lord, pre- 

 pare us for what awaits us. We have just been listening to the sweet sounds of 

 praise, but ere the morning sun we may hear the war whoop of the red man." The 

 effect on children and nervous persons may lie imagined. The legislature was in 

 session and the impression upon that body was such as to lead it to make an appro- 

 priation for the benefit of the state militia at the expense of one to the state agricul- 

 tural fair. (Comr., 4 .'. I 



The crisis produced the usual crop of patriots, all ready to serve their 

 country — usually for a consideration. Among these was a lady of Utica, 



