954 THK GHOST-DANCE RELIGION [f.th.ann.14 



Komse ka-K'inahyup — former Kiowa name; "men of the wom-ont leggings;" from 

 komse', "smoky, soiled, worn out;" kali, "leggings;" k'inahyup, "men." 



Maqpi'dto — Sioux name, " blue cloud," i. e., clear sky: reason unknown. 



Nid'rhart's-kftrikiwd s-hmki — Wichita name. 



Sani ti ka — Pawnee name, from the Comanche name. 



Saretika — Comanche and Shoshoni name, "dog eaters," in allusion to their special 

 liking for dog llesh. 



Saretika — Wichita name, from the Comanche name. 



TRIBAL SIGNS 



Southern Arapaho, "rub noses; " northern Arapaho, " mother people; " Gros Ventres 

 of the Prairie, "belly people." 



SKETCH OF THE TRIBE 



The Arapaho, with their sub tribe, the Gros Ventres, are one of the 

 westernmost tribes of the wide-extending Algonquian stock. Accord- 

 ing to their oldest traditions they formerly lived in northeastern Minne- 

 sota and moved westward in company with the Cheyenne, who at that 

 time lived on the Cheyenne fork of Eed river. From the earliest period 

 the two tribes have always been closely confederated, so that they 

 have no recollection of a time when they were not allies. In the west- 

 ward migration the Cheyenne took a more southerly direction toward 

 the country of the Black hills, while the Arapaho continued more nearly 

 westward up the Missouri. The Arapaho proper probably ascended on the 

 southern side of the river, while the Gros Ventres went up the northern 

 bank and finally drifted off toward the Blackfeet, with whom they have 

 ever since been closely associated, although they have on several occa- 

 sions made long visits, extending sometimes over several years, to their 

 southern relatives, by whom they are still regarded as a part of the 

 "Inuna-ina." The others continued on to the great divide between 

 the waters of the Missouri and those of the Columbia, then turning south- 

 ward along the mountains, separated finally into two main divisions, 

 the northern Arapaho continuing to occupy the head streams of the 

 Missouri and the Yellowstone, in Montana and Wyoming, while 

 the southern Arapaho made their camps on the head of the Platte, the 

 Arkansas, and the Canadian, in Colorado and the adjacent states, fre- 

 quently joining the Comanche and Kiowa in their raids tar down into 

 Mexico. From their earliest recollection, until put on reservations, 

 they have been at war with the Shoshoni, TJte, Pawnee, and Navaho. but 

 have generally been friendly with their other neighbors. The southern 

 Arapahoand Cheyenne haveusually acted in concert with the < 'onianche, 

 Kiowa, and Kiowa Apache. 



They recognize among themselves five original divisions, each having 

 a different dialect. They are here given in the order of their importance: 



1. Na'kasine'na, Ba'achinena or Northern Arapaho. Nakasinena, 

 "sagebrush men," is the original name of this portion of the tribe and 

 the divisional name used by themselves. The name Baachinena, by 

 which they are commonly known to the rest of the tribe, is more 



