uooney] DIVISIONS OF THE ARAPAHO !'5. r > 



modern and may mean " red willow (i. e., kinikinik) men," or possibly 

 "blood-pudding men," the latter meaning said to have been an allusion 

 to a kind of sausage formerly made by this band. They are commonly 

 known as northern Arapaho, to distinguish them from the other large 

 division living now in Oklahoma. The Kiowa distinguished them as 

 Tiigya'ko, "sagebrush people,'' a translation of their proper name, 

 Baachinena. Although not the largest division, the Baachinena claim 

 to be the "mother people" of the Arapaho, and have in their keeping 

 the grand medicine of the tribe, the seicha or sacred pipe. 



1'. Na'wunena, " southern men," or Southern A rapaho, called Nawa- 

 thi'neha, "southerners," by the northern Arapaho. This latter is said 

 to be the archaic form. The southern Arapaho, living now in Okla- 

 homa, constitute by far the larger division, although subordinate in the 

 tribal sociology to the northern Arapaho. In addition to their every- 

 day dialect, they are said to have an archaic dialect, some words of 

 which approximate closely to Cheyenne. 



.">. A<<' hi >i< an. Hitu'nena, or Gros Ventres of the Prairie. The first name, 

 said to mean "white clay people" (from aati, "white clay"), is that by 

 which they call themselves. Ilituneiia or Ilitunenina, "begging men," 

 "beggars," or, more exactly, "spongers," is the name by which they are 

 called by the other Arapaho, on account, as these latter claim, of their 

 propensity for filling their stomachs at the expense of someone else. 

 The same idea is intended to be conveyed by the tribal sign, which 

 signifies "belly people," not "big bellies" (Gros Ventres), as rendered 

 by the French Canadian trappers. The Kiowa call them IJot-k'in'ago, 

 "belly men." By the Shoshoni, also, they are known as Sa'pani, "bel- 

 lies," while the Blackfeet call them Atsina, "gut people." The Ojibwa 

 call them Bahwetegow-eninnewug, "fall people," according to Tanner, 

 whence they have sometimes been called hall Indians or Rapid Indians, 

 from their former residence about the rapids of the Saskatchewan. To 

 the Sioux they are known as Sku'tani. Lewis and Clark improperly 

 call them "Minnetareesof Fort de Prairie." The Hidatsa or Minitari 

 are sometimes known as Gros Ventres of the Missouri. 



•4. Ba'mwune'na, "wood lodge men,'* or. according to another author- 

 ity. •- big lodge people." These were formerly a distinct tribe and at war 

 with the other Arapaho. They an- represented as having been a very 

 foolish people in the old times, and many absurd stories are told of 

 them, in agreement with the general Indian practice of belittling con- 

 quered or subordinate tribes. They have been incorporated with the 

 northern Arapaho for at least a hundred and fifty years, according to 

 the statements of the oldest men of that band. Their dialect is said 

 to have differed very considerably from the other Arapaho dialects. 

 There are still about one hundred of this lineage among the northern 

 Arapaho, and perhaps a few others with the two other main divisions. 

 M'easel Bear, the present keeper of the sacred pipe, is of the Basaw- 

 uuena. 



