956 THE GHOST-DANCE RELIGION [ethann.U 



.">. Ha'nahawunena or Aanu'hawa (meaning unknown). These, like 

 the BiisawunSna, lived with the northern Arapaho, but are now practi- 

 cally extinct. 



There seems to be no possible trace of a clan or gentile system among 

 the Arapaho, and the same remark holds good of the Cheyenne, Kiowa, 

 and Comanche. It was once assumed that all Indian tribes had the 

 clan system, but later research shows that it is lacking over wide areas 

 in the western territory. It is very doubtful if it exists at all among 

 the prairie tribes generally. Mr Ben Clark, who has known and studied 

 the Cheyenne for half a lifetime, states positively that they have no 

 clans, as the term is usually understood. This agrees with the result 

 of personal investigations and the testimony of George Bent, a Chey- 

 enne half blood, and the best living authority on all that relates to his 

 tribe. With the eastern tribes, however, and those who have removed 

 from the east or the timbered country, as the Caddo, the gentile sys- 

 tem is so much a part of their daily lite that it is one of the first things 

 to attract the attention of the observer. 



In regard to the tribal camping circle, common to most of the prai- 

 rie tribes, the Arapaho state that on account of their living in three 

 main divisions they have had no common camping circle within their 

 recollection, but that each of these three divisions constituted a single 

 circle when encamped in one place. 



Among the northern Arapaho, on the occasion of every grand gath- 

 ering, the sacred pipe occupied a special large tipi in the center of the 

 circle, and the taking down of this tipi by the medicine keeper was the 

 signal to the rest of the camp to prepare to move. On the occasion of 

 a visit of several hundred Cheyenne and Arapaho to the Kiowa and 

 Comanche at Anadarko, in the summer of 1892, each of the visiting 

 tribes camped in a separate circle adjacent to the other. The opening 

 of the circle, like the door of each tipi. always faces the east. 



Under the name of Kanenavish the Arapaho proper are mentioned 

 by Lewis and Clark in 1805, as living southwest of the Black hills. 

 As a tribe they have not been at war with the whites since 1868, and 

 took no part in the outbreak of the Cheyenne, Kiowa, anil Comanche 

 in 1874. At present they are in three main divisions. First come 

 the Gros Ventres, numbering 718 in 1892, associated with the Asini- 

 boin on Fort Belknap reservation in Montana. There are probably 

 others of this band with the Blackfeet on the British side of the line. 

 Next come the northern Arapaho, numbering 82!), associated with the 

 Shoshoui mi Wind River reservation in Wyoming. They were placed 

 on this reservation in 1876, after having made peace with the Shoshoui, 

 their hereditary enemy, in 1SC9. They are divided into three bands, t lie 

 "Forks of the River .Men "under Black Coal, the head chief of the whole 

 division; the "Bad Pipes" under Short Nose, and the "Greasy races" 

 under spotted Horse. The third division, the southern Arapaho, 

 associated with the Cheyenne in Oklahoma, constitute the main body 



